Download Internal and External Data Needs

Running head: INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DATA NEEDS
Internal and External Data Needs
Sandra Thorson
University of Mary
NUR 601 Week 4 Assignment
May 29, 2015
1
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DATA NEEDS
2
Internal and External Data Needs
PICOT Question
“In surgical patients, does pre and post procedural analgesic administration and management
compared to only post procedural analgesic administration and management result in lower pain
ratings within the first twenty four hours post procedure?”
There are many methods of conducting research. Regardless of the method it is
imperative to confirm the study is valid. A highly favored method of research is a systemic
review which is a form of comparative research using existing data with all that is known about
the topic (Li et al., 2015, p. 287). Quantitative research data is usually presented in numeric
form including tables and graphs. Qualitative research is conducted in nonnumeric form and in
most cases is conducted by an interview process (University of Wisconsin - Madison - Health
Sciences Ebling Library, 2015, p. 1). The type of research used may depend on the results or
desired outcome of the project.
Internal data is collected within the organization. The evidence obtained may be analyzed
to recommend changes in practice and standardization (Mazurek Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt,
2015, p. 226). External data is research that was conducted by another party independent from
your organization. When research is conducted according to standards both methods would be
considered valid.
Data can be located in several areas throughout an organization. Some examples of
internal data include the patient’s electronic medical record (EMR) which would also contain
information on medication administration (EMAR) as well as the patient’s pain rating based on a
pain scale. Medications administered during surgery may be documented on an anesthesia
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DATA NEEDS
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record. Financial information may be used such as the patient’s bill which would include a
charge for all medications administered. Quality reviews may be generated depending on the
needs of the organization. Clinical systems provide data collection and management. An
example of this would be pharmacy data such as medications administered and patient outcomes
(Mazurek Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2015, p. 227-228). It is important that an organization
has a good data system in place to provide requested and accurate data when needed.
Table 1
External Data
Preoperative pain
Cinahl
Medline
Cochrane
57
97
34
1470
2905
1416
28
45
14
42
63
40
management
Postoperative pain
management
Postsurgical pain
management
Pre an postoperative
pain management
(Ward, 2015), (O’Donnell, 2015), (Gan, Habib, Miller, White, & Apfelbaum, 2014),
(Friedlich & Blanas, 2014), (Shrestha, 2014)
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DATA NEEDS
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Table 2
Internal data
Data Need
Pain rating prior to procedure
Analgesic administered prior
to procedure
Time of analgesic
administration
Dose of analgesic
administered
Pain rating post procedure
Analgesic administered post
procedure
Pain rating one hour post
analgesic administration
Pain rating 24 hours post
procedure
Special Considerations
Obtained from patient May
be a verbal response from
patient or a visual response
scored by staff
This could reflect
medications administered up
to one hour pre procedure.
Requesting actual name of
analgesic given
This will reflect if medication
given pre procedure as well
as post procedure
administration
Effectiveness of the dosage
may be observed by staff
including monitoring of vital
signs as well as the patient
pain ratings
This would be done in
recovery or PACU to provide
a baseline for pain tolerance
as well as tolerance to
analgesics
Will include any analgesics
administered for
breakthrough pain
This may be affected by route
such as oral or IV
May be affected by time,
route, or dosage of
administration as well as
patient activity post
procedure and pain tolerance
Source
EMR, EMAR
EMAR, Financial Services
EMAR, Financial Services
EMR, EMAR, Financial
Services
EMR, EMAR
EMAR, Financial Services
EMR, EMAR
EMR,EMAR
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DATA NEEDS
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References
Friedlich, J., & Blanas, N. (2014, February). Management of post surgical pain. Journal of
Canadian Dental Association, 79, 91-95. Retrieved from http://701ezproxy2.bismarck.lib.nd.us:2242/ehost/results?sid=cd3552aa-2fd1-4778-b1b3e825081da7ab%40sessionmgr4003&vid=22&hid=4201&bquery=post+surgical+pain+ma
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Gan, T. J., Habib, A. S., Miller, T. E., White, W., & Apfelbaum, J. L. (2014, January). Incidence,
patient satisfaction, and perceptions of post surgical pain: results from a US national
study. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 30, 149-160.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2013.860019.
HCAHPS Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems. (2015).
http://www.hcahpsonline.org/home.aspx
Li, T., Swaroop Vedula, S., Hadar, N., Parkin, C., Lau, J., & Dickersin, K. (2015, February 17).
Innovations in data collection, management, and archiving for systematic reviews. Annals
of Internal Medicine, 162, 287-294. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/M14-1603
Mazurek Melnyk, B., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2015). Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing &
Healthcare A Guide to Best Practice (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Walters Kluwer Health.
O’Donnell, K. (2015, June). Preoperative pain management education: equality improvement
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