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Running head: INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DATA NEEDS Internal and External Data Needs Sandra Thorson University of Mary NUR 601 Week 4 Assignment May 29, 2015 1 INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DATA NEEDS 2 Internal and External Data Needs PICOT Question “In surgical patients, does pre and post procedural analgesic administration and management compared to only post procedural analgesic administration and management result in lower pain ratings within the first twenty four hours post procedure?” There are many methods of conducting research. Regardless of the method it is imperative to confirm the study is valid. A highly favored method of research is a systemic review which is a form of comparative research using existing data with all that is known about the topic (Li et al., 2015, p. 287). Quantitative research data is usually presented in numeric form including tables and graphs. Qualitative research is conducted in nonnumeric form and in most cases is conducted by an interview process (University of Wisconsin - Madison - Health Sciences Ebling Library, 2015, p. 1). The type of research used may depend on the results or desired outcome of the project. Internal data is collected within the organization. The evidence obtained may be analyzed to recommend changes in practice and standardization (Mazurek Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2015, p. 226). External data is research that was conducted by another party independent from your organization. When research is conducted according to standards both methods would be considered valid. Data can be located in several areas throughout an organization. Some examples of internal data include the patient’s electronic medical record (EMR) which would also contain information on medication administration (EMAR) as well as the patient’s pain rating based on a pain scale. Medications administered during surgery may be documented on an anesthesia INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DATA NEEDS 3 record. Financial information may be used such as the patient’s bill which would include a charge for all medications administered. Quality reviews may be generated depending on the needs of the organization. Clinical systems provide data collection and management. An example of this would be pharmacy data such as medications administered and patient outcomes (Mazurek Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2015, p. 227-228). It is important that an organization has a good data system in place to provide requested and accurate data when needed. Table 1 External Data Preoperative pain Cinahl Medline Cochrane 57 97 34 1470 2905 1416 28 45 14 42 63 40 management Postoperative pain management Postsurgical pain management Pre an postoperative pain management (Ward, 2015), (O’Donnell, 2015), (Gan, Habib, Miller, White, & Apfelbaum, 2014), (Friedlich & Blanas, 2014), (Shrestha, 2014) INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DATA NEEDS 4 Table 2 Internal data Data Need Pain rating prior to procedure Analgesic administered prior to procedure Time of analgesic administration Dose of analgesic administered Pain rating post procedure Analgesic administered post procedure Pain rating one hour post analgesic administration Pain rating 24 hours post procedure Special Considerations Obtained from patient May be a verbal response from patient or a visual response scored by staff This could reflect medications administered up to one hour pre procedure. Requesting actual name of analgesic given This will reflect if medication given pre procedure as well as post procedure administration Effectiveness of the dosage may be observed by staff including monitoring of vital signs as well as the patient pain ratings This would be done in recovery or PACU to provide a baseline for pain tolerance as well as tolerance to analgesics Will include any analgesics administered for breakthrough pain This may be affected by route such as oral or IV May be affected by time, route, or dosage of administration as well as patient activity post procedure and pain tolerance Source EMR, EMAR EMAR, Financial Services EMAR, Financial Services EMR, EMAR, Financial Services EMR, EMAR EMAR, Financial Services EMR, EMAR EMR,EMAR INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DATA NEEDS 5 References Friedlich, J., & Blanas, N. (2014, February). Management of post surgical pain. Journal of Canadian Dental Association, 79, 91-95. Retrieved from http://701ezproxy2.bismarck.lib.nd.us:2242/ehost/results?sid=cd3552aa-2fd1-4778-b1b3e825081da7ab%40sessionmgr4003&vid=22&hid=4201&bquery=post+surgical+pain+ma nagement&bdata=JmRiPWFwaCZkYj1jY20mdHlwZT0wJnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ %3d%3d Gan, T. J., Habib, A. S., Miller, T. E., White, W., & Apfelbaum, J. L. (2014, January). Incidence, patient satisfaction, and perceptions of post surgical pain: results from a US national study. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 30, 149-160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2013.860019. HCAHPS Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems. (2015). http://www.hcahpsonline.org/home.aspx Li, T., Swaroop Vedula, S., Hadar, N., Parkin, C., Lau, J., & Dickersin, K. (2015, February 17). Innovations in data collection, management, and archiving for systematic reviews. Annals of Internal Medicine, 162, 287-294. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/M14-1603 Mazurek Melnyk, B., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2015). Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing & Healthcare A Guide to Best Practice (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Walters Kluwer Health. O’Donnell, K. (2015, June). Preoperative pain management education: equality improvement project. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 30, 221-227. Retrieved from http://701ezproxy2.bismarck.lib.nd.us:2242/ehost/results?sid=cd3552aa-2fd1-4778-b1b3e825081da7ab%40sessionmgr4003&vid=14&hid=4201&bquery=preoperative+pain+ma INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DATA NEEDS 6 nagement&bdata=JmRiPWFwaCZkYj1tbmgmY2xpMD1EVDEmY2x2MD0yMDEwM DEtMjAxNTEyJnR5cGU9MCZzaXRlPWVob3N0LWxpdmU%3d Shrestha, K. D. (2014, April). Patients’ perceptions towards post operative pain management in a tertiary hospital. Journal of Institute of Medicine, 36, 43-49. Retrieved from http://701ezproxy2.bismarck.lib.nd.us:2242/ehost/results?sid=cd3552aa-2fd1-4778-b1b3e825081da7ab%40sessionmgr4003&vid=25&hid=4201&bquery=pre+AND+post+operat ive+pain+management&bdata Udtha, M., Nomie, K., Yu, E., & Sanner, J. (2015, ). March. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 47, 152-160. Retrieved from http://701ezproxy2.bismarck.lib.nd.us:2243/ehost/results?sid=cf5c653a-ad23-4820-9e28d69f2d2b0b11%40sessionmgr110&vid=2&hid=115&bquery=data+collection+methods& bdata=JmRiPWFwaCZkY University of Wisconsin - Madison - Health Sciences Ebling Library. (2015). http://researchguides.ebling.library.wisc.edu/content.php?pid=325126&sid=2969961 Ward, C. W. (2015, March/April). A decision tree model for post operative pain management. MEDSURG Nursing, 24. Retrieved from http://701ezproxy2.bismarck.lib.nd.us:2242/ehost/results?sid=cd3552aa-2fd1-4778-b1b3e825081da7ab%40sessionmgr4003&vid=11&hid=4201&bquery=postoperative+pain+ma nagement&bdata=JmRiPWFwaCZkYj1tbmgmdHlwZT0wJnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ %3d%3d