Download Chapter 14: The Respiratory System

Chapter 14: The Respiratory System
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
What may respiration include?
breathing
external respiration
internal respiration
all of these
D
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
What is external respiration?
breathing
gas exchange between blood and tissue fluid
gas exchange between air and blood
production of ATP
C
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is in the correct sequence when tracing the path of air?
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
larynx, pharynx, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea
bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, pharynx, larynx
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi
A
4.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which portion of the respiratory tract is also a passage for food?
larynx
trachea
bronchi
pharynx
D
5.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The __________ contain(s) air sacs.
larynx
alveoli
bronchi
trachea
B
6.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The __________enter(s) the lungs.
larynx
alveoli
bronchi
trachea
C
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7.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The __________ is the voice box.
larynx
alveoli
bronchi
trachea
A
8.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The __________ is a single tube.
larynx
alveoli
bronchi
trachea
D
figure 14.1
9. Which letter in figure 14.1 points to the bronchus?
Ans: d
10. Which letter in figure 14.1 points to the epiglottis?
Ans: a
11. Which letter in figure 14.1 points to the larynx?
Ans: b
12. Which letter in figure 14.1 points to the trachea?
Ans: c
13. Which letter in figure 14.1 points to the bronchiole?
Ans: e
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14.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Gas exchange occurs at the respiratory membrane between the
bronchiole and alveoli.
alveoli and blood.
trachea and bronchi.
larynx and pharynx.
B
15.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which contain(s) cartilage?
larynx
trachea
bronchi
all of these
D
16.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The epiglottis
contains vocal cords.
contains cilia.
prevents food from entering the air passage.
pushes air into the lungs.
C
17.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The diaphragm is
a muscle.
the floor of the chest cavity.
involved in breathing.
all of these.
D
18.
A)
B)
Ans:
The diaphram contracts during ___________ and relaxes during ___________.
expiration, inspiration
inspiration, expiration
B
19.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Residual volume is
air remaining in lungs after very deep breathing.
air moved in and out with each breath.
maximum volume of air moved in and out during a single breath.
A
20.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Vital capacity is
air remaining in lungs after very deep breathing.
air moved in and out with each breath.
maximum volume of air moved in and out during a single breath.
C
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21.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Tidal volume is
air remaining in lungs after very deep breathing.
air moved in and out with each breath.
maximum volume of air moved in and out during a single breath.
B
22. What causes the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the capillaries and the
alveoli?
A) absorption
B) diffusion
C) secretion
D) active transport
Ans: B
23.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The concentration of carbon dioxide is __________ in tissues than in arterial blood.
higher
lower
the same in both
A
24.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
During external respiration
Hb becomes HbO2.
CO2 becomes HCO3-.
carbaminohemoglobin forms.
Hb becomes HHb.
A
25.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Hemoglobin assists in the transport of
hydrogen ions.
carbon dioxide.
oxygen.
hydrogen ions, carbon dioxide, and oxygen.
D
26.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
How is carbon dioxide transported by the blood?
by the red blood cells
as bicarbonate ions
by the red blood cells and as bicarbonate ions
C
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figure 14.2
27. Which letter in figure 14.2 indicates the area of internal respiration?
Ans: b
28. Which letter in figure 14.2 indicates the area of external respiration?
Ans: a
29. Which letter in figure 14.2 indicates a vessel that has a high concentration of oxygen?
Ans: d
30. Which letter in figure 14.2 indicates a vessel that has a high concentration of carbon
dioxide?
Ans: c
31.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Emphysema
is a viral infection.
is a degenerative disease affecting the respiratory membrane.
generally lasts only a short period of time.
is described by all of these characteristics.
B
32.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
__________ is a bacterial infection.
Pulmonary fibrosis
Strep throat
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
B
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33.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
__________ is caused by coal dust.
Pulmonary fibrosis
Strep throat
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
A
34.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
__________ is detected by a skin test.
Pulmonary fibrosis
Strep throat
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
D
35.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
__________ is a common complication of AIDS.
Pulmonary fibrosis
Strep throat
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
C
36.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which lung infections or disorders are caused by smoking?
cancer and emphysema
pneumonia and tuberculosis
bronchitis and “flu”
all of these
A
37.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Which is a defense of invading organisms in the respiratory tract?
mucus
cilia
mucus and cilia
C
38. Compare internal respiration, external respiration, and cellular respiration.
Ans: Internal respiration involves gas exchange between body cells and blood, external
respiration involves gas exchange between the atmosphere and blood, and cellular
respiration involves the formation of ATP molecules and the release of energy from
nutrient molecules.
39. Trace the path of air to the lungs.
Ans: Oral or nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts,
alveoli.
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40. Describe the events in ventilation.
Ans: Contraction of the diaphragm and rib muscles increases the volume of the thoracic
cavity. The surfaces of the lungs are stuck to the walls of the cavity by surface tension
and they expand. Air rushes in. When the diaphragm and rib muscles relax, the
thoracic cavity regains its original volume and the lungs recoil, thereby forcing the air
out.
41. How would you explain the relationship of failure to produce surfactant in proper
amounts and respiratory difficulty in premature infants?
Ans: When the lungs do not produce enough surfactant, the breathing mechanism cannot
overcome the surface tension, so the lungs cannot be ventilated.
42. Describe the effects of aging on respiratory fitness.
Ans: Inspiration and expiration are not as effective because the rib muscles are weaker and
the lungs are less elastic, and therefore, less able to recoil. Gas exchange is also less
effective due to changes in the capillaries.
43. Why could a person suffocate while breathing through a long tube?
Ans: When we breathe, not all of the inspired air reaches our alveoli. Some of the air fills the
conducting airways. These passages are not involved in gas exchange and are said to
contain dead space. Breathing through a long tube would increase the amount of dead
space, beyond the capacity for inhalation. The new air being pulled into the tube would
never reach the alveoli and the alveolar air would never be exhaled.
44. How does diffusion relate to gas exchange?
Ans: Gases diffuse from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. This
accounts for the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood,
and between the blood and the cells.
45. Write out a formula for the formation of bicarbonate ions from water and carbon
dioxide, and explain how hemoglobin and red blood cells are involved in the transport
of carbon dioxide as bicarbonate ions.
Ans: H2O + CO2 --> H2CO3 --> H+ + HCO3Carbon dioxide binds with water to form carbonic acid. Carbonic acid dissociates to
release hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. Red blood cells contain an enzyme that speeds
up this reaction. Hemoglobin in the red blood cells binds to the hydrogen ions and
carries them, and the bicarbonate ions are carried in the plasma.
46. List the three respiratory volumes that comprise the vital capacity.
Ans: Expiratory reserve volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and tidal volume.
47. What is the chloride shift and why is it necessary?
Ans: After bicarbonate ions are formed in the cytoplasm of red blood cells, the ions diffuse
out into the blood plasma. In response, chloride ions diffuse into the red blood cells in
order to maintain the correct balance of electrolytes in the blood.
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48. List and briefly describe four upper respiratory tract infections.
Ans: The upper respiratory tract infections described in the text are strep throat, the common
cold, influenza, sinusitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, and laryngitis. Refer to the text for
descriptions.
49. Differentiate between residual volume and dead space.
Ans: The residual volume is the volume of air that remains in the lungs following a maximal
exhalation. Dead space refers to the volume of the conducting airways and does not
include lung volume.
50.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Eupnea is
a bacterial infection.
a nonrespiratory pattern.
normal quiet breathing.
a component of Cheyne-Stokes respiration.
B
51.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is not a component of asthma?
increased sensitivity to respiratory irritants
decreased number of alveoli
wheezing
smooth muscle spasm in bronchioles
B
52.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The visceral pleura
is a mucous membrane.
is attached to the lung's surface.
lines the thoracic cavity.
All of these choices are correct.
B
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