Download ch_07 Vertebrae-Student a-WF-2017

PowerPoint® Lecture Slides
prepared by
Janice Meeking,
Mount Royal College
CHAPTER
7
The Skeleton:
Part B
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
W-F Class– HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT
• Fill in information from textbook for the
following slides and include functions:
3, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 22, 24
Visually memorize Diagrams for a Cervical Vertebra
(Regular one and Axis and Atlas), Thoracic Vertebra, and
Lumbar Vertebra. with all parts from the above slides
May be on Wednesday’s Quiz
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The Axial Skeleton
• 80 bones
• Three regions
• Skull
• Vertebral column
• Thoracic cage
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Skull
Thoracic cage
(ribs and
sternum)
Vertebral
column
Sacrum
Os Coxa
(a) Anterior view
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Cranium
Facial bones
Clavicle
Scapula
Sternum
Rib
Humerus
Vertebra
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Phalanges
Metacarpals
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Figure 7.1a
Vertebral Column
I. Functions:
• Protects:
• Transmits weight
• Movement
II. Location & # bones
• 26 irregular bones– vertebrae
• Cervical v.
• Thoracic v.
• Lumbar
• Sacrum—
• Coccyx .
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III. Vertebral Column: 4 Curvatures
STUDENTS DO
- Born with which?
- Develop which?
• Abnormal spine curvatures–
Students Do
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IV. Ligaments
A. Anterior & posterior
longitudinal ligaments–
• Anterior:
B. Ligamentum flavum–
•
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Posterior
Anterior
Supraspinous ligament
Transverse process
Sectioned
spinous process
Ligamentum flavum
Interspinous
ligament
Intervertebral
disc
Anterior
longitudinal
ligament
Intervertebral foramen
Posterior longitudinal
ligament
Anulus fibrosus
Nucleus pulposus
Inferior articular process
Sectioned body
of vertebra
Median section of three vertebrae, illustrating the composition
of the discs and the ligaments
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Figure 7.17a
V. Intervertebral Discs
1. Nucleus pulposus
2. Anulus fibrosus
Herniated Discs
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VI. General Structure of Vertebrae
Lamina
Transverse
process
Posterior
Spinous
process
Superior
articular
process
and
facet
Pedicle
Anterior
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Vertebral
arch
Vertebral
foramen
Body
(centrum)
Figure 7.18
IV. Vertebrae
A. General Structure
• Laminae
• Pedicels
Demifacet
• Inferior & superior notches
Body
• Intervertebral foramina
• Body or centrum
Superior
notch
• Location
• Function
• Demifacet
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Inferior
notch
• Vertebral arch
• Vertebral foramina
• vertebral canal
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General Structure of Vertebrae
• Processes per vertebra:
• Spinous process—
• Transverse processes
PLAY
Animation: Rotatable Spine (horizontal)
PLAY
Animation: Rotatable Spine (vertical)
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• Superior articular processes
• w/ articular facet (top surface)
Facet
pedicel
Demifacet
• Inferior articular processes
• w/ articular facet (top surface)
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B. Cervical Vertebrae
1. GeneralC1 to C7:
• Size
• weight
2. C2 to C7
• Spinous process is:
(except C7 )
Also C2
• Transverse process has:
(Also C1)
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3. C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis)
C1
Posterior
Lateral
masses
Posterior
Posterior
tubercle
Posterior arch
Anterior
Anterior arch
tubercle
(a) Superior view of atlas (C1)
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Transverse
foramen
Superior
articular
facet
Posterior arch
Transverse
process
Lateral
masses
Posterior
tubercle
Inferior
articular
facet
Transverse
Anterior
foramen
arch
Facet for dens
Anterior tubercle
(b) Inferior view of atlas (C1)
Figure 7.19a-b
Cervical Vertebrae …
Anterior
3. C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) …
a) Atlas (C1)
• No body or spinous process
Superior View
• Anterior & Posterior Arches
• Lateral Masses (2)
• Superior Articular Facet
articulates w/
- No process
• Inferior Articular Facet:
articulates:
- No process
• No Intervertebral Disc
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Inferior View
Posterior
B. Cervical Vertebrae …
b. Axis (C2)
• Has all parts
• Dens
Posterior
• Function:
Inferior
articular
process
Spinous process
Lamina
Pedicle
Transverse
process
Superior
articular
facet
Dens
Body
(c) Superior view of axis (C2)
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c. Thoracic Vertebrae
• Usually 2 ribs per T. vertebra,
each rib articulating at two spots
• Body has:
• Superior & Inferior Coastal
Facets
• articulate w/
• Transverse Process with:
• Transverse Costal Facet
(except T11 & T12)
• articulate w/:
• Spinous process:
• Superior and Inferior Articular
Process & Facet
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Articular facet
on tubercle of rib
Spinous process
Shaft
Ligaments
Neck of rib
Head of rib
Transverse
costal facet
(for tubercle
of rib)
Body of
thoracic
vertebra
Superior costal facet
(for head of rib)
(b) Superior view of the articulation between a
rib and a thoracic vertebra
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Figure 7.23b
Transverse
process
Superior articular
process
Transverse
costal facet (for
tubercle of rib)
Intervertebral
disc
Body
Spinous
process
Inferior costal
facet (for head
of rib)
Inferior articular
process
(b) Thoracic vertebrae
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Figure 7.20b
d. Lumbar Vertebrae
• L1 to L5 =
• Spinous p.-• Articular processes &
facets: turned inward
to prevent rotation
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Superior
articular
process
Transverse
process
Body
Intervertebral
disc
Inferior
articular
process
Spinous
process
(c) Lumbar vertebrae
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Figure 7.20c
e. Sacrum and Coccyx
i) Sacrum
• posterior wall:
• Articulates with
• Superiorly:
• Inferiorly
• Transversely:
Auricular surface or
Articular Fossa of Ala
• Ala w/ Auricular surface
• Sacroilliac Joint
• Anterior & Posterior
Sacral foramina
• Sacral Canal
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SACRUM …
• Sacral Promontory–
• location
• Function:
• Superior Articular Process
• Articulates with:
• Sacral Hiatus–
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Sacral promontory
Ala
Body of
first
sacral
vertebra
Transverse
ridges (sites
of vertebral
fusion)
Apex
Anterior
sacral
foramina
Coccyx
(a) Anterior view
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Figure 7.21a
Ala
Sacral
canal
Body
Facet of
superior
articular
process
Auricular
surface
Median
sacral
crest
Posterior
sacral
foramina
Coccyx
Lateral
sacral
crest
Sacral
hiatus
(b) Posterior view
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Figure 7.21b
ii) Coccyx
• Tailbone
• 3–5 fused vertebrae
• Articulates with sacrum
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V. Thoracic Cage
A. Introduction
• Composed of
• Thoracic vertebrae
• Sternum
• Ribs & costal cartilages
• Functions
• Protects:
• Supports:
• Attachment sites:
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B. Sternum– 3 fused bones
1. Manubrium
• Articulates with clavicles
and ribs 1 and 2
• Clavicular Notches
• Jugular Notch
• Sternal Angle
• Costal Facets
2. Body
• Articulates with ribs 2–7 cart.
3. Xiphoid process
• muscle attachment
• ossified ~ age 40
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C. Ribs and Their Attachments
1. 12 pairs
2. All attach to:
3. Rib Categories
• True Ribs:
• False Ribs =
• 8-12
• 11-12 Floating ribs:
4. 1st Rib
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Jugular notch
Clavicular notch
Manubrium
Sternal angle
Body
Xiphisternal
joint
Xiphoid
process
True
ribs
(1–7)
False
ribs
(8–12)
Sternum
Intercostal spaces
Costal cartilage
Costal margin
L1
Vertebra
Floating ribs (11, 12)
(a) Skeleton of the thoracic cage, anterior view
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Figure 7.22a
5. Structure of a Typical Rib
Typical Rib
• Head
• Articulates w/
• Neck
• Tubercle
• Posterior surface;
• Shaft– Body
• Costal Groove– inferior margin;
• Sternal End
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Articular facet
on tubercle of rib
Spinous process
Shaft
Ligaments
Neck of rib
Head of rib
Transverse
costal facet
(for tubercle
of rib)
Body of
thoracic
vertebra
Superior costal facet
(for head of rib)
(b) Superior view of the articulation between a
rib and a thoracic vertebra
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Figure 7.23b
Transverse costal facet
(for tubercle of rib)
Angle
of rib
Superior costal facet
(for head of rib)
Body of vertebra
Head of rib
Intervertebral disc
Neck of rib
Tubercle of rib
Shaft Sternum
Crosssection
of rib
Costal groove Costal cartilage
(a) Vertebral and sternal articulations of a
typical true rib
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Figure 7.23a
END
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