Download Name: Date: ______ 1. Which of the following therapies is more

Name: __________________________ Date: _____________
1. Which of the following therapies is more concerned with removing specific troubling
symptoms than with providing special insights into the personality of the client?
A) eclectic therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) behavior therapy
D) client-centered therapy
E) cognitive therapy
2. Whenever 2-year-old Calista runs into the street in front of her house, her mother
immediately spanks her. The mother's technique most closely resembles the procedure
known as:
A) systematic desensitization.
B) electroconvulsive therapy.
C) aversive conditioning.
D) stress inoculation training.
E) transference.
3. Which of the following is most often criticized for violating clients' rights to personal
freedom and self-determination?
A) psychoanalysis
B) cognitive therapy
C) client-centered therapy
D) behavior modification
E) EMDR
4. Which of the following is most likely to contribute to inflated estimates of the value of
eye movement desensitization and reprocessing?
A) meta-analysis
B) stress inoculation training
C) therapeutic touch
D) the double-blind technique
E) the placebo effect
5. The study of the effect of drugs on mind and behavior is called:
A) psychosurgery.
B) psychobiology.
C) ECT.
D) psychopharmacology.
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6. Which of the following techniques is derived from classical conditioning principles?
A) the token economy
B) light exposure therapy
C) systematic desensitization
D) stress inoculation training
E) transference
7. The expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships is known
as:
A) free association.
B) transference.
C) fixation.
D) projection.
E) eclectic therapy.
8. A lobotomy is to psychosurgery as aversive conditioning is to:
A) systematic desensitization.
B) active listening.
C) behavior therapy.
D) EMDR.
E) electroconvulsive therapy.
9. Mrs. Laiti is a compulsive gambler. In order to reduce her attraction to this
self-defeating activity, a behavior therapist would most likely use:
A) EMDR.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) a token economy.
D) the double-blind technique.
E) aversive conditioning.
10. Surgically cutting the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling
centers of the inner brain is called:
A) psychopharmacology.
B) a split-brain operation.
C) rTMS.
D) a lobotomy.
E) ECT.
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11. On the basis of a statistical analysis of some 475 psychotherapy outcome studies, Smith
and her colleagues noted that:
A) psychotherapy is no more effective than talking to a friend.
B) no single form of therapy proves consistently superior to the others.
C) psychotherapy actually harms just as many people as it helps.
D) it is impossible to measure the effectiveness of psychotherapy.
12. Mr. Quinones, a fifth-grade teacher, gives a blue plastic star to each student who
achieves a high score on a math or spelling test. At the end of the semester, students can
exchange their stars for prizes. Mr. Quinones' classroom strategy illustrates an
application of:
A) the placebo effect.
B) transference.
C) operant conditioning.
D) systematic desensitization.
E) counterconditioning.
13. Which of the following drugs is most likely to produce extremely unpleasant physical
side effects?
A) Thorazine
B) Prozac
C) Valium
D) lithium
14. Cognitive therapists are most likely to emphasize that emotional disturbances result
from:
A) irrational beliefs.
B) chemical abnormalities within the brain.
C) overly permissive child-rearing practices.
D) poverty, unemployment, racism, and sexism.
15. Of the following individuals, who is most likely to benefit from therapeutic drugs that
block receptor sites for dopamine?
A) Amir, who complains about feeling tense and fearful most of the time but doesn't
know why
B) Matthew, who feels hopeless and lethargic after losing his job
C) Betsy, who hears imaginary voices telling her she will soon be killed
D) Marcella, who is so obsessed with fear of a heart attack that she frequently counts
her heartbeats aloud
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16. Alex feels so hopeless and depressed that he has recently thought about taking his own
life. The drug most likely to prove beneficial to him is:
A) Valium.
B) Prozac.
C) Xanax.
D) Thorazine.
17. Aversive conditioning involves:
A) replacing a negative response to a harmless stimulus with a positive response.
B) identifying a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences.
C) depriving a client of access to an addictive drug.
D) associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences.
E) systematically controlling the consequences of patients' maladaptive behaviors.
18. Natasha claimed that her failure to get “A's” in all her college courses meant she was
incompetent. Her therapist calmly challenged this assertion, commenting, “By your
strange calculations, well over 90 percent of all college students are incompetent!” The
therapist's response was most typical of a(n) ________ therapist.
A) cognitive
B) behavior
C) eclectic
D) client-centered
E) psychoanalytic
19. Which of the following has not been shown to be a beneficial treatment?
A) stress inoculation training
B) exposure therapy
C) electroconvulsive therapy
D) therapeutic touch
20. With ________, the therapist replaces a fearful response with a relaxation response.
A) systematic desensitization
B) free association
C) aversive conditioning
D) transference
E) meta-analysis
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21. Humanistic therapists are most likely to:
A) encourage clients to carefully observe the consequences of their maladaptive
behaviors.
B) focus special attention on clients' positive and negative feelings toward their
therapists.
C) emphasize the importance of self-awareness for psychological adjustment.
D) use a wide variety of psychological theories and therapeutic methods.
E) help clients identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences.
22. Thorazine and Clozaril are ________ drugs.
A) antidepressant
B) antipsychotic
C) antimanic
D) antianxiety
23. Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from electroconvulsive
therapy?
A) Mark, who feels so dejected and discouraged that he contemplates killing himself
B) Mary, who suffers from amnesia and has lost her sense of identity
C) Jim, who experiences visual hallucinations and suffers from a delusion that
communist spies are following him
D) Luke, who suffers from a compulsion to wash his hands at least once every 15
minutes
24. O. H. Mowrer trained children to discontinue bed-wetting by arranging for an alarm to
sound each time they wet their beds. This technique best illustrates a therapeutic
application of:
A) systematic desensitization.
B) observational learning.
C) cognitive-behavior therapy.
D) the placebo effect.
E) classical conditioning.
25. To help Thor overcome his fear of giving public speeches, his therapist instructs him to
relax and then to imagine speaking to a small audience. The therapist is using:
A) psychoanalysis.
B) client-centered therapy.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) systematic desensitization.
E) aversive conditioning.
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26. Cindy suggested that her nail biting might be a symptom of unconscious resentment
toward her parents. Her therapist chuckled and said, “No, Cindy, your problem isn't
unconscious hostility; your problem is nail biting.” Cindy's therapist sounds most like a
________ therapist.
A) behavior
B) humanistic
C) cognitive
D) psychoanalytic
E) biomedical
27. Therapists' perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy are likely to be misleading
because:
A) therapists typically minimize the seriousness of their clients' symptoms when
therapy begins.
B) clients typically emphasize their problems at the start of therapy and their
well-being at the end of therapy.
C) therapists typically blame their own therapeutic ineffectiveness on clients'
resistance.
D) clients tend to focus on their observable behavioral problems rather than on their
mental and emotional difficulties.
E) therapists typically overestimate their clients' potential levels of adjustment.
28. Immigrants from Asia would most likely experience difficulty as clients of American
psychotherapists who emphasized the value of:
A) marital fidelity.
B) individualism.
C) forgiveness.
D) humility.
29. Which of the following is most likely to contribute to inflated perceptions of the
effectiveness of psychotherapy?
A) meta-analysis
B) psychopharmacology
C) free association
D) regression toward the mean
E) the double-blind technique
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30. Lithium has been found to be especially effective in the treatment of:
A) anxiety disorders.
B) schizophrenia.
C) dissociative disorders.
D) bipolar disorder.
31. Mr. McCardle's excessive feelings of helplessness and despondency are periodically
interrupted by episodes in which he experiences extreme feelings of personal power and
a grandiose optimism about his future. Which drug would most likely be prescribed to
alleviate his symptoms?
A) Valium
B) Thorazine
C) Xanax
D) lithium
32. According to Freud, a patient's hesitation to free associate is most likely a sign of:
A) transference.
B) the placebo effect.
C) resistance.
D) spontaneous recovery.
E) meta-analysis.
33. Which of the following has been demonstrated to provide relief for those who suffer
from SAD?
A) transference
B) EMDR
C) systematic desensitization
D) light exposure therapy
E) therapeutic touch
34. Preventive mental health is based on the assumption that psychological disorders result
from:
A) repressed impulses and conflicts.
B) stressful social situations.
C) abnormal personality traits.
D) regression toward the mean.
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35. Counterconditioning techniques were derived from principles first developed by:
A) Aaron Beck.
B) Ivan Pavlov.
C) Carl Rogers.
D) B. F. Skinner.
E) Sigmund Freud.
36. A physician who specializes in the treatment of psychological disorders is called a:
A) psychoanalyst.
B) clinical psychologist.
C) behavioral neuroscientist.
D) cognitive therapist.
E) psychiatrist.
37. Dr. Volz is a researcher who wants to distinguish between the direct effects of a new
antianxiety medication and effects arising simply from expectations of the drug's
effectiveness. Dr. Volz is most likely to use a procedure known as:
A) the double-blind technique.
B) meta-analysis.
C) EMDR.
D) virtual reality exposure therapy.
E) systematic desensitization.
38. Which psychosurgical procedure was designed to calm uncontrollably emotional or
violent patients?
A) electroconvulsive therapy
B) aversive conditioning
C) the double-blind technique
D) lobotomy
E) systematic desensitization
39. Which of the following treatments is most likely to be used only with severely
depressed patients?
A) psychoanalysis
B) drug therapy
C) systematic desensitization
D) electroconvulsive therapy
E) stress inoculation training
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40. EMDR is most similar to a technique known as:
A) stress inoculation training.
B) therapeutic touch.
C) systematic desensitization
D) electroconvulsive therapy
41. Which approach would attempt to minimize psychological disorders by working to
reduce the incidence of child abuse and illiteracy in society?
A) biomedical therapy
B) counterconditioning
C) psychoanalysis
D) preventive mental health
E) token economy
42. As a psychotherapist, Dr. Buist does not analyze people's motives or diagnose the nature
of their difficulties because he believes that they are in the best position to diagnose and
solve their own problems. Dr. Buist's position is most characteristic of ________
therapy.
A) cognitive
B) psychoanalytic
C) operant conditioning
D) client-centered
E) biomedical
43. The most convincing evidence for the effectiveness of psychotherapy comes from:
A) studies of client satisfaction with the treatment received.
B) reports from therapists concerning their perceptions of client improvement.
C) meta-analyses of psychotherapeutic outcome studies.
D) the reactions of family and friends to those who had recently undergone
psychotherapeutic treatment.
44. EMDR was originally developed for the treatment of:
A) alcoholism.
B) bulimia.
C) depression.
D) anxiety.
E) schizophrenia.
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45. Aversive conditioning is to behavior therapy as a lobotomy is to:
A) systematic desensitization.
B) electroconvulsive therapy.
C) psychosurgery.
D) the placebo effect.
E) drug therapy.
46. A therapist who uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic methods is said
to be:
A) client-centered.
B) eclectic.
C) humanistic.
D) psychoanalytic.
E) meta-analytic.
47. Carl Rogers is known for the development of:
A) therapeutic touch.
B) the token economy.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) client-centered therapy.
E) systematic desensitization.
48. Training people to stop blaming themselves for failures and negative circumstances
beyond their control is of most direct concern to ________ therapists.
A) psychoanalytic
B) cognitive
C) eclectic
D) client-centered
E) behavior
49. Prozac is to depression as ________ is to anxiety.
A) Thorazine
B) lithium
C) Xanax
D) Clozaril
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50. Because she mistakenly thought that completing a diagnostic test was a therapeutic
treatment for her anxiety disorder, Mrs. Shyam felt considerable relief for several weeks
following the test. Mrs. Shyam's reaction best illustrates:
A) transference.
B) the double-blind technique.
C) the placebo effect.
D) therapeutic touch.
E) systematic desensitization.
51. The double-blind technique involves:
A) the avoidance of eye contact between patient and therapist during free association.
B) a procedure in which neither patients nor health care staff know whether a given
patient is receiving a drug or a placebo.
C) blocking anxiety-arousing material from consciousness during therapy.
D) the simultaneous use of two or more therapeutic treatments in the hope that at least
one will be effective.
E) replacing a positive response to a harmful stimulus with a negative response.
52. Just as Austin began telling his therapist about a painful childhood experience, he
complained of a headache and abruptly ended the session. A psychoanalyst would most
likely suggest that Austin's behavior is an example of:
A) fixation.
B) resistance.
C) transference.
D) counterconditioning.
E) free association.
53. Psychoanalysts would suggest that resistance during therapy supports and maintains the
process of:
A) meta-analysis.
B) transference.
C) free association.
D) dream interpretation.
E) repression.
54. Inflated estimates of the value of antidepressant drugs are in large part due to:
A) therapeutic touch.
B) the double-blind technique.
C) the placebo effect.
D) meta-analysis.
E) stress inoculation training.
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55. Antipsychotic drugs have proved helpful in the treatment of:
A) dissociative disorders.
B) schizophrenia.
C) depression.
D) anxiety disorders.
E) all of the above.
56. An increase in the availability of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and serotonin
is most likely to result from the administration of ________ drugs.
A) antipsychotic
B) antidepressant
C) antianxiety
D) antimanic
57. The most effective psychotherapists are those who:
A) employ personality tests to accurately diagnose their clients' difficulties.
B) utilize a wide variety of therapeutic techniques.
C) have had many years of experience practicing psychotherapy.
D) establish an empathic, caring relationship with their clients.
E) discourage clients from using antianxiety or antidepressant drugs.
58. Virtual reality exposure therapy is most likely to prove effective in the treatment of:
A) personality disorders.
B) hallucinations.
C) obsessions.
D) depression.
E) phobias.
59. Which phenomenon refers to the tendency for extraordinary or unusual events to be
followed by more ordinary events?
A) the placebo effect
B) systematic desensitization
C) regression toward the mean
D) free association
E) meta-analysis
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60. The psychotherapeutic value of hope is best illustrated by:
A) meta-analysis.
B) the placebo effect.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) transference.
E) active listening.
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