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MACROMOLECULES CHART
Molecule
Elements
Ratio
Function
Monomer
Monosaccharide
Carbohydrate
CHO
1:2:1
☼ Quick, short term energy
☼ Structure (cell walls, exoskeleton)
Examples
☼ Chitin (fungi), cellulose (plants)
☼ Sugars (Glucose, fructose,
galactose sucrose, lactose)
☼ Glycogen (animal storage)
☼ Starch (plant storage)
Functional
Group(s)
-OH
(hydroxyl)
Trigylceride
(glycerol + 3 fatty acids)
Lipid
CHOP
1:2: few
☼ Fats
☼ Waxes
☼ Oils
☼ Sterols (cholesterol,
(hormones)
☼ Cell membrane
☼ Insulates body & protects organs
☼ Long term energy storage
-OH
-CH3
(methyl)
Amino Acids
Protein
☼ Transports materials
☼ Enzymes
CHON–S
☼ Structural support
(no ratio)
☼ Cell receptors
☼ Defense
☼ Hemoglobin
☼ Antibodies
☼ Muscle
☼ Organs
☼ Keratin (hair, nails)
-NH2
(amino)
-COOH
(carboxyl)
Nucleotide (A,T,C,G,U)
Nucleic Acid
CHONP
(no ratio)
☼ Instructions to make proteins
☼ Information passed from parent to offspring
☼ DNA
☼ RNA
-PO4
(phosphate)
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