Download Fig. 7-0a

Monocots
Eudicots
One cotyledon
Two cotyledons
Veins usually parallel
Veins
usually netlike
Vascular tissue
scattered
Vascular tissue
usually arranged in ring
Root system usually
fibrous (no main root)
Taproot (main root)
usually present
Pollen grain with
one opening
Pollen grain with
three openings
Floral organs usually
in multiples of three
Floral organs usually in
multiples of four or five
Embryos
Leaf
venation
Stems
Roots
Pollen
Flowers
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Reproductive shoot (flower)
Apical bud
Node
Internode
Apical bud
Vegetative shoot
Shoot
system
Blade
Petiole
Axillary bud
Leaf
Stem
Taproot
Lateral
(branch)
roots
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Root
system
2
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Storage roots
Pneumatophores
“Strangling” aerial roots
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Stolon
Rhizome
Root
Rhizomes
Stolons
Tubers
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Spines
Tendrils
Storage leaves
Stem
Reproductive leaves
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Storage leaves
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Dermal
tissue
Ground
tissue
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Vascular
tissue
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Parenchyma cells with
chloroplasts (in Elodea leaf)
(LM)
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60 m
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Collenchyma cells
(in Helianthus stem) (LM)
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5 m
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5 m
Sclereid cells (in pear) (LM)
25 m
Cell wall
Fiber cells (cross section from ash tree) (LM)
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Vessel Tracheids
100 m
Pits
Tracheids and vessels
(colorized SEM)
Perforation
plate
Vessel element
Vessel elements, with
perforated end walls
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Tracheids
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3 m
Sieve-tube elements:
longitudinal view (LM)
Sieve plate
Sieve-tube element (left)
Companion
and companion cell:
cells
cross section (TEM)
Sieve-tube
elements
Plasmodesma
Sieve
plate
30 m
Nucleus of
companion
cell
15 m
Sieve-tube elements:
longitudinal view
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Sieve plate with pores (LM)
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Primary growth in stems
Epidermis
Cortex
Primary
phloem
Primary
xylem
Shoot tip
(shoot apical
meristem and
young leaves)
Pith
Vascular cambium
Cork cambium
Axillary bud
meristem
Secondary growth in stems
Lateral
meristems
Cork cambium
Periderm
Pith
Cortex
Primary
phloem
Root apical
meristems
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Primary
xylem
Secondary
xylem
Secondary
phloem
Vascular
cambium
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Apical bud
Bud scale
Axillary buds
This year’s growth
(one year old)
Leaf
scar
Bud
scar
Last year’s growth
(two years old)
Node
One-year-old
branch formed
Internode from axillary bud
near shoot tip
Leaf scar
Stem
Bud scar
Growth of two
years ago
(three years old)
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Leaf scar
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Cortical
cells
GLABRA-2 is expressed,
and the cell remains hairless.
20 m
GLABRA-2 is
not expressed,
and the cell
will develop
a root hair.
The root cap cells will be sloughed
off before root hairs emerge.
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Cortex
Vascular cylinder
Epidermis
Root hair
Dermal
Ground
Vascular
Zone of
differentiation
Zone of
elongation
Zone of cell
division
(including
root apical
meristem)
Root cap
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Mitotic
cells
100 m
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Epidermis
Cortex
Endodermis
Vascular cylinder
Pericycle
Core of
parenchyma cells
100 m
(a) Root with xylem and phloem in
the center (typical of eudicots)
Xylem
Phloem
100 m
(b) Root with parenchyma in the
center (typical of monocots)
Endodermis
Pericycle
Xylem
Phloem
Dermal
Ground
Vascular
70 m
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Emerging
lateral
root
Epidermis
100 m
Lateral root
Cortex
Vascular
cylinder
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Pericycle
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Shoot apical meristem
Leaf primordia
Young
leaf
Developing
vascular
strand
Axillary bud
meristems
0.25 mm
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Guard
cells
Dermal
Ground
Vascular
Cuticle
Sclerenchyma
fibers
Stoma
50 m
Stomatal
pore
Epidermal
cell
(b) Surface view of a spiderwort
(Tradescantia) leaf (LM)
Upper
epidermis
Palisade
mesophyll
Bundlesheath
cell
100 m
Spongy
mesophyll
Lower
epidermis
Cuticle
Xylem
Phloem
(a) Cutaway drawing of leaf tissues
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Vein
Guard
cells
Vein
Air spaces
Guard cells
(c) Cross section of a lilac
(Syringa) leaf (LM)
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Sclerenchyma
(fiber cells)
Phloem
Xylem
Ground tissue
connecting
pith to cortex
Pith
Ground
tissue
Epidermis
Dermal
Cortex
Epidermis
Vascular
bundle
Vascular
1 mm
(a) Cross section of stem with vascular
bundles forming a ring (typical of eudicots)
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Ground
Vascular
bundles
1 mm
(b) Cross section of stem with scattered
vascular bundles (typical of monocots)
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Pith
Primary xylem
Vascular cambium
(a) Primary and secondary growth
in a two-year-old woody stem
Primary phloem
Cortex
Epidermis
Epidermis
Cortex
Primary
phloem
Vascular
cambium
Vascular
ray
Periderm
Secondary
Cork
phloem
cambium
Vascular
Cork
cambium
Bark
Secondary Late wood
xylem
Early wood
Primary
xylem
Pith
Cork
1 mm
Secondary
xylem
Secondary
phloem
First cork cambium
Periderm
(mainly
cork
cambia
and cork)
Vascular Growth
ray
ring
1.4 mm
(b) Cross section of a three-yearold Tilia (linden) stem (LM)
Secondary
phloem
Most recent
cork cambium
Secondary
xylem
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Cork
Layers of
periderm
Bark
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Vascular
cambium
Growth
Vascular
cambium
Secondary
xylem
After one year
of growth
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Secondary
phloem
After two years
of growth
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Growth
ring
Vascular
ray
Heartwood
Secondary
xylem
Sapwood
Vascular cambium
Secondary phloem
Bark
Layers of periderm
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