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NAME ___________________________________________________SEDIMENTOLOGY LAB TEST # 2
___ 1. The remains of radiolarians, silicoflagellates, diatoms, and sponges may form A.limestones B.banded
iron formations C.sulfur D.bog iron deposits E.chert
___ 2. A heavy mineral suite of sillimanite, kyanite, garnet and epidote would be indicative of a ? provenance.
A.mafic igneous B.felsic igneous C.metamorphic D.this mineral suite may be indicative of many
provenances
___ 3. The dominant porosity type within sandstones is A.intergranular B.intercrystalline C.fenestral
D.moldic E.intraparticle
___ 4. William Nicol is famous for his work on A.sedimentary textures B.sedimentary structures C.facies
analyses D.petrography E.origin of hydrocarbons
___ 5. The highest rank coal is A.bituminous B.anthracite C.peat D.lignite E.all of the above may be of equal
rank
___ 6. Paraffins, napthenes and aromatics form A.methane B.crude oil C.sulfur D.anhydrite E.condensate
___ 7. Carbonates are prone to ? diagenetic processes than clastics. A.less B.greater C.there is no difference in
diagenetic processes in carbonates versus clastics
___ 8. The most important banded iron formation are ?-type deposits. A.Algoma B.Coroong C.Clinton
D.Superior
___ 9. Deserts often form at about ? degrees latitude. A.15 B.30 C.40 D.45 E.50
___ 10. ? has perfect basal cleavage. It is colorless to pale green under plane light; it has purple, blue, and green
interference colors, and parallel extinction. A.quartz B.calcite C.muscovite D.biotite E.chlorite
___ 11. Primary porosity is ? porosity. A.depositional B.post-depositional C.primary porosity may be
depositional or post-depositional
___ 12. In the Southern Hemisphere most coal deposits are of ? age. A.Pennsylvanian B.Permo-Triassic C.all
of the above age coals are equally abundant in the Southern Hemisphere
___ 13. ? rocks are formed within the sedimentary basin in which they are deposited. A.allochthonous
B.autochthonous C.both allochthonous and autochthonous rocks are formed within the sedimentary
basin in which they are deposited
___ 14. Volcanic glass is A.isotropic B.anisotropic C.opaque D.volcanic glass may be isotropic, anisotropic
or opaque
___ 15. Alizarin Red S is used to stain for A.dolomite B.siderite C.quartz D.calcite E.feldspar
___ 16. Peat is best preserved in an ? environment. A.anaerobic B.aerobic C.peat forms in an anaerobic
environment, although most coal is formed within aerobic environments
___ 17. A silled basin may result in the formation of A.hydrocarbons B.banded iron formations C.bog iron
deposits D.evaporites E.chert
___ 18. Another term for algal pisolites are A.lithoclasts B.intraclasts C.oolites D.pellets E.oncolites
___ 19. ? is unstable and typically undergoes polymorphic inversion to calcite. A.dolomite B.siderite C.pyrite
D.hematite E.aragonite
___ 20. ? is clear in plane light. Under crossed nicols it may be white, grey to blue grey. It often exhibits
undulatory extinction. A.plagioclase B.microcline C.sanidine D.quartz E.calcite
___ 21. Quartz of ? provenance often exhibits a comb structure; it has abundant vacuoles and may have
vermicular chlorite present. A.volcanic B.vein C.recrystallized metamorphic D.plutonic E.stretched
metamorphic
___ 22. ? forms the “framework” of sediment. A.grains B.cement C.pores D.matrix E.all of the above forms
the “framework” of sediments
___ 23. Pleochroism is observed under A.plane light B.crossed nicols
___ 24. The most abundant grain type in limestones are A.lithoclasts B.intraclasts C.oolites D.pellets
E.fossils
___ 25. Minerals of the isometric crystal system are A.isotropic B.anisotropic C.opaque D.minerals of the
isometric crystal system may be isotropic, anisotropic or opaque
___ 26. ? would most likely form in carbonate tidal deltas or carbonate shoals. A.lithoclasts B.intraclasts
C.oolites D.pellets E.fossils
___ 27. ? is postdepositional material. A.micrite B.sparite C.both micrite and sparite are postdepositional
material
___ 28. “Birds-eye extinction” is characteristic of A.quartz B.calcite C.dolomite D.chlorite E.biotite
___ 29. ? is a calcium carbonate mineral that is dominant in shallow marine environments; it is typically
acicular to micritic in crystal habit. A.gypsum B.siderite C.aragonite D.low-magnesium calcite
E.dolomite
___ 30. A sparite on Dunham’s classification would be termed a A.biolithite B.wackestone C.crystalline
carbonate D.grainstone E.boundstone
___ 31. Porosity found within a fossil would typically be considered A.intergranular B.intercrystalline
C.fenestral D.moldic E.intraparticle
___ 32. Burial of coal typically generates A.natural gas B.oil C.both oil and natural gas are generated through
burial of coal
___ 33. Algoma-type banded iron formations are of ? age. A.Phanerozoic B.Proterozoic C.Archean
___ 34. A darcy measures A.porosity B.permeability C.a darcy can measure either porosity or permeability
___ 35. Sabkha environments and tropical lagoons such as those seen at Coorong, Australia are models for the
production of A.limestones B.banded iron formations C.dolomites D.hydrocarbons E.sulfur
___ 36. ? coal is jet-black, with a conchoidal fracture. A.bituminous B.anthracite C.peat D.lignite
___ 37. ? often forms as nodules in fractures within Cretaceous and Early Tertiary chalk deposits. A.chert
B.halite C.hematite D.sulfur E.diatomite
___ 38. ? often forms through the action of bacteria in association with salt domes, gypsum and hydrocarbons.
A.chert B.sulfur C.banded iron formations D.diatomite E.arkose
___ 39. ? is most important for thermal maturation studies. A.exinite B.inertinite C.vitrinite D.all of the above
are equally important in thermal maturation studies
___ 40. Carbonate grapestones are made mostly of A.lithoclasts B.intraclasts C.oolites D.pellets E.fossils
___ 41. Interference colors may change due to the A.orientation of the mineral B.thickness of the thin section
C.composition of the mineral D.interference colors may change due to any of the above factors
___ 42. ? is a coal lithotype that occurs in thin, shiny, black vitreous bands. A.fusain B.durain C.clarain
D.vitrain D.all of the above occur in thin, shiny, black vitreous bands
___ 43. Polymorphic inversion of calcite to dolomite would typically yield ? porosity. A.intergranular
B.intercrystalline C.fenestral D.moldic E.intraparticle
___ 44. Which of the following would most likely be considered a stratigraphic trap? A.fault B.anticline
C.reef D.diapir E.all of the above are stratigraphic traps
___ 45. The most important ore of iron is A.magnetite B.hematite C.limonite D.siderite
___ 46. The upper polarizing prism on a petrographic microscope is termed a A.analyzer B.polarizer C.both
prisms are termed polarizers
___ 47. ? water is usually rich in potassium, sodium and chlorides. A.meteoric B.connate C.both meteoric and
connate water are rich in potassium, sodium and chlorides
___ 48. The formation of “birds eyes” within algal mats would indicate the presence of ? porosity.
A.intergranular B.intercrystalline C.fenestral D.moldic E.vuggy
___ 49. Which of the following is a solid bitumen? A.asphalt B.mineral wax C.pyrobitumen D.all of the
above are solid bitumens E.none of the above is a solid bitumen
___ 50. ? deposits are typically made from fluorapatite. A.anhydrite B.halite C.trona D.phosphorite E.chert
___ 51. Which of the following exhibits strong pleochroism? A.calcite B.dolomite C.quartz D.feldspar
E.biotite
___ 52. ? is the dominant mineral in typical terrigenous sediments. A.calcite B.dolomite C.quartz
D.plagioclase E.microcline
___ 53. Halite, gypsum and anhydrite are formed in ? environments. A.marine B.nonmarine C.halite, gypsum
and anhydrite are formed in either marine or nonmarine environments
___ 54. Quartz of ? provenance often has an idiomorphic, hexagonal-bipyramidal shape and straight extinction.
A.volcanic B.vein C.recrystallized metamorphic D.plutonic E.stretched metamorphic
___ 55. ? dolomite originates as skeletal material. A.all B.some C.no
___ 56. Which of the following would precipitate at highest salinities? A.limestone B.potassium salts
C.gypsum D.halite E.all of the above precipitate simultaneously in highly saline environments
___ 57. The amount of mutually-interconnected pore spaces in a rock is termed A.total porosity B.effective
porosity C.both total and effective porosity pertain to the amount of mutually-interconnected pore
spaces in a rock
___ 58. ? is spring-formed limestone. A.biolithite B.travertine C.marl D.tufa E.wackestone
___ 59. A reef limestone on Dunham’s Classification is termed a A.biolithite B.wackestone C.crystalline
carbonate D.grainstone E.boundstone
___ 60. Which of the following may form a diapir? A.hydrocarbons B.quartz arenite C.halite D.chert E.all of
the above often form diapirs
___ 61. Methane is believed to be A.derived from the mantle B.formed through bacterial degredation of
organic matter C.formed by thermal alteration of organic matter at depth D.all of the above
mechanisms have been proposed for the formation of methane
___ 62. ?-type ironstones are unbanded, typically Phanerozoic-age deposits. A.Algoma B.Coroong C.Clinton
D.Superior
___ 63. ? shows gridiron twinning under crossed nicols. A.plagioclase B.microcline C.sanidine D.quartz
E.calcite
___ 64. Cyclothems are especially associated with ? deposits. A.halite B.limestone C.dolomite D.banded iron
formation E.coal
___ 65. ? water has been buried in a “closed hydraulic system”. A.meteoric B.juvenile C.connate D.all of the
above have been buried in a “closed hydraulic system”
___ 66. The most important iron deposits are A.bog iron B.peneplain depression deposits C.clay ironstones
D.open marine deposits E.banded iron formations
___ 67. The standard thickness of a rock thin section is ? microns. A.10 B.20 C.30 D.40 E.50
___ 68. ? is derived from the woody and cortical tissues of plants. A.exinite B.inertinite C.vitrinite D.all of
the above are derived from the woody and cortical tissues of plants
___ 69. Almost all ? deposits are formed at low latitudes where deep, cold bottom waters upwell adjacent to
shelf environments. A.anhydrite B.halite C.trona D.phosphorite E.chert
___ 70. ? are sand-sized carbonate faecal material. A.lithoclasts B.intraclasts C.oolites D.pellets E.all of the
above are sand-sized carbonate faecal material
___ 71. Which of the following is not true concerning the origin of petroleum? A.forms from kerogen material,
termed the oil window B.involves heating kerogen to a temperature of 70-100°C at a depth of 2-3
kilometers C.requires millions of years of burial to release significant amounts of oil D.formed mostly
from planktonic algal matter D.above 300°C hydrocarbons are broken down completely
___ 72. Iron may precipitate A.by reactions with limestones B.in contact with organic matter C.by decreasing
the amount of carbon dioxide in solution D.by evaporation in an enclosed basin E.all of the above may
cause the precipitation of iron
___ 73. A heavy mineral suite of olivine, platinum and chromite would be indicative of a ? provenance.
A.mafic igneous B.felsic igneous C.metamorphic D.this mineral suite may be indicative of many
provenances
___ 74. The normal salinity of seawater is ? parts per thousand. A.21 B.28 C.35 D.42 E.71
___ 75. Quartz of ? provenance often exhibits strong undulose extinction; the crystal borders may be smooth,
crenulated or granulated. A.volcanic B.vein C.recrystallized metamorphic D.schistose metamorphic
E.stretched metamorphic
___ 76. Petrophysics is the study of A.rock physics B.petroleum reservoir seismicity C.pores D.petrography
E.diagenesis
___ 77. Reflux is a concept that explains the formation of A.hydrocarbons B.sedimentary structures C.sorting
in sandstones D.evaporites E.chert
___ 78. Lithoclasts are composed of A.carbonate material B.non-carbonate material C.some lithoclasts are
made of carbonate material, others are non-carbonate
NAME ____________________________________________________ SEDIMENTOLOGY LAB TEST # 2
1. NAME THE ROCK (Hand Specimen):
2. NAME THE ROCK (Hand Specimen):
3. NAME THE ROCK (Hand Specimen):
4. NAME THE ROCK (Hand Specimen):
5. NAME THE ROCK (Hand Specimen):
6. NAME THE ROCK (Hand Specimen):
7. NAME THE ROCK (Thin Section):
8. NAME THE ROCK (Thin Section):
9. NAME THE ROCK (Thin Section):
10. NAME THE ROCK (Thin Section):
11. NAME THE ROCK (Thin Section):
12. NAME THE ROCK (Thin Section):
13. Predict the provenance of this specimen (Thin Section); be certain to list the features on which you base
your answer.
14. Describe the diagenetic features seen within this slide. List the features on which you base your answer and
name the diagenetic type for each.
15. Describe the diagenetic features seen within this slide. List the features on which you base your answer and
name the diagenetic type for each.
16. Determine the size of the grains in this thin section (show your calculations).