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NAME ___________________________________________________SEDIMENTOLOGY LAB TEST # 2 ___ 1. The remains of radiolarians, silicoflagellates, diatoms, and sponges may form A.limestones B.banded iron formations C.sulfur D.bog iron deposits E.chert ___ 2. A heavy mineral suite of sillimanite, kyanite, garnet and epidote would be indicative of a ? provenance. A.mafic igneous B.felsic igneous C.metamorphic D.this mineral suite may be indicative of many provenances ___ 3. The dominant porosity type within sandstones is A.intergranular B.intercrystalline C.fenestral D.moldic E.intraparticle ___ 4. William Nicol is famous for his work on A.sedimentary textures B.sedimentary structures C.facies analyses D.petrography E.origin of hydrocarbons ___ 5. The highest rank coal is A.bituminous B.anthracite C.peat D.lignite E.all of the above may be of equal rank ___ 6. Paraffins, napthenes and aromatics form A.methane B.crude oil C.sulfur D.anhydrite E.condensate ___ 7. Carbonates are prone to ? diagenetic processes than clastics. A.less B.greater C.there is no difference in diagenetic processes in carbonates versus clastics ___ 8. The most important banded iron formation are ?-type deposits. A.Algoma B.Coroong C.Clinton D.Superior ___ 9. Deserts often form at about ? degrees latitude. A.15 B.30 C.40 D.45 E.50 ___ 10. ? has perfect basal cleavage. It is colorless to pale green under plane light; it has purple, blue, and green interference colors, and parallel extinction. A.quartz B.calcite C.muscovite D.biotite E.chlorite ___ 11. Primary porosity is ? porosity. A.depositional B.post-depositional C.primary porosity may be depositional or post-depositional ___ 12. In the Southern Hemisphere most coal deposits are of ? age. A.Pennsylvanian B.Permo-Triassic C.all of the above age coals are equally abundant in the Southern Hemisphere ___ 13. ? rocks are formed within the sedimentary basin in which they are deposited. A.allochthonous B.autochthonous C.both allochthonous and autochthonous rocks are formed within the sedimentary basin in which they are deposited ___ 14. Volcanic glass is A.isotropic B.anisotropic C.opaque D.volcanic glass may be isotropic, anisotropic or opaque ___ 15. Alizarin Red S is used to stain for A.dolomite B.siderite C.quartz D.calcite E.feldspar ___ 16. Peat is best preserved in an ? environment. A.anaerobic B.aerobic C.peat forms in an anaerobic environment, although most coal is formed within aerobic environments ___ 17. A silled basin may result in the formation of A.hydrocarbons B.banded iron formations C.bog iron deposits D.evaporites E.chert ___ 18. Another term for algal pisolites are A.lithoclasts B.intraclasts C.oolites D.pellets E.oncolites ___ 19. ? is unstable and typically undergoes polymorphic inversion to calcite. A.dolomite B.siderite C.pyrite D.hematite E.aragonite ___ 20. ? is clear in plane light. Under crossed nicols it may be white, grey to blue grey. It often exhibits undulatory extinction. A.plagioclase B.microcline C.sanidine D.quartz E.calcite ___ 21. Quartz of ? provenance often exhibits a comb structure; it has abundant vacuoles and may have vermicular chlorite present. A.volcanic B.vein C.recrystallized metamorphic D.plutonic E.stretched metamorphic ___ 22. ? forms the “framework” of sediment. A.grains B.cement C.pores D.matrix E.all of the above forms the “framework” of sediments ___ 23. Pleochroism is observed under A.plane light B.crossed nicols ___ 24. The most abundant grain type in limestones are A.lithoclasts B.intraclasts C.oolites D.pellets E.fossils ___ 25. Minerals of the isometric crystal system are A.isotropic B.anisotropic C.opaque D.minerals of the isometric crystal system may be isotropic, anisotropic or opaque ___ 26. ? would most likely form in carbonate tidal deltas or carbonate shoals. A.lithoclasts B.intraclasts C.oolites D.pellets E.fossils ___ 27. ? is postdepositional material. A.micrite B.sparite C.both micrite and sparite are postdepositional material ___ 28. “Birds-eye extinction” is characteristic of A.quartz B.calcite C.dolomite D.chlorite E.biotite ___ 29. ? is a calcium carbonate mineral that is dominant in shallow marine environments; it is typically acicular to micritic in crystal habit. A.gypsum B.siderite C.aragonite D.low-magnesium calcite E.dolomite ___ 30. A sparite on Dunham’s classification would be termed a A.biolithite B.wackestone C.crystalline carbonate D.grainstone E.boundstone ___ 31. Porosity found within a fossil would typically be considered A.intergranular B.intercrystalline C.fenestral D.moldic E.intraparticle ___ 32. Burial of coal typically generates A.natural gas B.oil C.both oil and natural gas are generated through burial of coal ___ 33. Algoma-type banded iron formations are of ? age. A.Phanerozoic B.Proterozoic C.Archean ___ 34. A darcy measures A.porosity B.permeability C.a darcy can measure either porosity or permeability ___ 35. Sabkha environments and tropical lagoons such as those seen at Coorong, Australia are models for the production of A.limestones B.banded iron formations C.dolomites D.hydrocarbons E.sulfur ___ 36. ? coal is jet-black, with a conchoidal fracture. A.bituminous B.anthracite C.peat D.lignite ___ 37. ? often forms as nodules in fractures within Cretaceous and Early Tertiary chalk deposits. A.chert B.halite C.hematite D.sulfur E.diatomite ___ 38. ? often forms through the action of bacteria in association with salt domes, gypsum and hydrocarbons. A.chert B.sulfur C.banded iron formations D.diatomite E.arkose ___ 39. ? is most important for thermal maturation studies. A.exinite B.inertinite C.vitrinite D.all of the above are equally important in thermal maturation studies ___ 40. Carbonate grapestones are made mostly of A.lithoclasts B.intraclasts C.oolites D.pellets E.fossils ___ 41. Interference colors may change due to the A.orientation of the mineral B.thickness of the thin section C.composition of the mineral D.interference colors may change due to any of the above factors ___ 42. ? is a coal lithotype that occurs in thin, shiny, black vitreous bands. A.fusain B.durain C.clarain D.vitrain D.all of the above occur in thin, shiny, black vitreous bands ___ 43. Polymorphic inversion of calcite to dolomite would typically yield ? porosity. A.intergranular B.intercrystalline C.fenestral D.moldic E.intraparticle ___ 44. Which of the following would most likely be considered a stratigraphic trap? A.fault B.anticline C.reef D.diapir E.all of the above are stratigraphic traps ___ 45. The most important ore of iron is A.magnetite B.hematite C.limonite D.siderite ___ 46. The upper polarizing prism on a petrographic microscope is termed a A.analyzer B.polarizer C.both prisms are termed polarizers ___ 47. ? water is usually rich in potassium, sodium and chlorides. A.meteoric B.connate C.both meteoric and connate water are rich in potassium, sodium and chlorides ___ 48. The formation of “birds eyes” within algal mats would indicate the presence of ? porosity. A.intergranular B.intercrystalline C.fenestral D.moldic E.vuggy ___ 49. Which of the following is a solid bitumen? A.asphalt B.mineral wax C.pyrobitumen D.all of the above are solid bitumens E.none of the above is a solid bitumen ___ 50. ? deposits are typically made from fluorapatite. A.anhydrite B.halite C.trona D.phosphorite E.chert ___ 51. Which of the following exhibits strong pleochroism? A.calcite B.dolomite C.quartz D.feldspar E.biotite ___ 52. ? is the dominant mineral in typical terrigenous sediments. A.calcite B.dolomite C.quartz D.plagioclase E.microcline ___ 53. Halite, gypsum and anhydrite are formed in ? environments. A.marine B.nonmarine C.halite, gypsum and anhydrite are formed in either marine or nonmarine environments ___ 54. Quartz of ? provenance often has an idiomorphic, hexagonal-bipyramidal shape and straight extinction. A.volcanic B.vein C.recrystallized metamorphic D.plutonic E.stretched metamorphic ___ 55. ? dolomite originates as skeletal material. A.all B.some C.no ___ 56. Which of the following would precipitate at highest salinities? A.limestone B.potassium salts C.gypsum D.halite E.all of the above precipitate simultaneously in highly saline environments ___ 57. The amount of mutually-interconnected pore spaces in a rock is termed A.total porosity B.effective porosity C.both total and effective porosity pertain to the amount of mutually-interconnected pore spaces in a rock ___ 58. ? is spring-formed limestone. A.biolithite B.travertine C.marl D.tufa E.wackestone ___ 59. A reef limestone on Dunham’s Classification is termed a A.biolithite B.wackestone C.crystalline carbonate D.grainstone E.boundstone ___ 60. Which of the following may form a diapir? A.hydrocarbons B.quartz arenite C.halite D.chert E.all of the above often form diapirs ___ 61. Methane is believed to be A.derived from the mantle B.formed through bacterial degredation of organic matter C.formed by thermal alteration of organic matter at depth D.all of the above mechanisms have been proposed for the formation of methane ___ 62. ?-type ironstones are unbanded, typically Phanerozoic-age deposits. A.Algoma B.Coroong C.Clinton D.Superior ___ 63. ? shows gridiron twinning under crossed nicols. A.plagioclase B.microcline C.sanidine D.quartz E.calcite ___ 64. Cyclothems are especially associated with ? deposits. A.halite B.limestone C.dolomite D.banded iron formation E.coal ___ 65. ? water has been buried in a “closed hydraulic system”. A.meteoric B.juvenile C.connate D.all of the above have been buried in a “closed hydraulic system” ___ 66. The most important iron deposits are A.bog iron B.peneplain depression deposits C.clay ironstones D.open marine deposits E.banded iron formations ___ 67. The standard thickness of a rock thin section is ? microns. A.10 B.20 C.30 D.40 E.50 ___ 68. ? is derived from the woody and cortical tissues of plants. A.exinite B.inertinite C.vitrinite D.all of the above are derived from the woody and cortical tissues of plants ___ 69. Almost all ? deposits are formed at low latitudes where deep, cold bottom waters upwell adjacent to shelf environments. A.anhydrite B.halite C.trona D.phosphorite E.chert ___ 70. ? are sand-sized carbonate faecal material. A.lithoclasts B.intraclasts C.oolites D.pellets E.all of the above are sand-sized carbonate faecal material ___ 71. Which of the following is not true concerning the origin of petroleum? A.forms from kerogen material, termed the oil window B.involves heating kerogen to a temperature of 70-100°C at a depth of 2-3 kilometers C.requires millions of years of burial to release significant amounts of oil D.formed mostly from planktonic algal matter D.above 300°C hydrocarbons are broken down completely ___ 72. Iron may precipitate A.by reactions with limestones B.in contact with organic matter C.by decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide in solution D.by evaporation in an enclosed basin E.all of the above may cause the precipitation of iron ___ 73. A heavy mineral suite of olivine, platinum and chromite would be indicative of a ? provenance. A.mafic igneous B.felsic igneous C.metamorphic D.this mineral suite may be indicative of many provenances ___ 74. The normal salinity of seawater is ? parts per thousand. A.21 B.28 C.35 D.42 E.71 ___ 75. Quartz of ? provenance often exhibits strong undulose extinction; the crystal borders may be smooth, crenulated or granulated. A.volcanic B.vein C.recrystallized metamorphic D.schistose metamorphic E.stretched metamorphic ___ 76. Petrophysics is the study of A.rock physics B.petroleum reservoir seismicity C.pores D.petrography E.diagenesis ___ 77. Reflux is a concept that explains the formation of A.hydrocarbons B.sedimentary structures C.sorting in sandstones D.evaporites E.chert ___ 78. Lithoclasts are composed of A.carbonate material B.non-carbonate material C.some lithoclasts are made of carbonate material, others are non-carbonate NAME ____________________________________________________ SEDIMENTOLOGY LAB TEST # 2 1. NAME THE ROCK (Hand Specimen): 2. NAME THE ROCK (Hand Specimen): 3. NAME THE ROCK (Hand Specimen): 4. NAME THE ROCK (Hand Specimen): 5. NAME THE ROCK (Hand Specimen): 6. NAME THE ROCK (Hand Specimen): 7. NAME THE ROCK (Thin Section): 8. NAME THE ROCK (Thin Section): 9. NAME THE ROCK (Thin Section): 10. NAME THE ROCK (Thin Section): 11. NAME THE ROCK (Thin Section): 12. NAME THE ROCK (Thin Section): 13. Predict the provenance of this specimen (Thin Section); be certain to list the features on which you base your answer. 14. Describe the diagenetic features seen within this slide. List the features on which you base your answer and name the diagenetic type for each. 15. Describe the diagenetic features seen within this slide. List the features on which you base your answer and name the diagenetic type for each. 16. Determine the size of the grains in this thin section (show your calculations).