Download STUDY GUIDE Environmental Science 2012

STUDY GUIDE Environmental Science 2012-2013
UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION
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1.1.1 Explain the focus of environmental science.
1.1.2 Describe the recent trends in human population and resource consumption.
1.2.2 Describe the process of science.
1.3.1 Describe the major roles of the scientific community in the process of science.
1.3.2 Explain the study of environmental ethics.
2.1.1 Describe two basic concepts of economics.
2.1.2 Explain the relationship between economics and the environment.
2.1.3 Describe ways that economies are working toward sustainability.
2.2.1 Explain the purpose of environmental policy.
2.2.2 Describe the history of U.S. environmental policy.
2.2.3 Describe the direction of current U.S. environmental policy.
2.3.2 Discuss different approaches to environmental policy.
2.3.3 List the steps involved in the environmental policy process.
3.1.1 Differentiate between an atom, an element, a molecule, and a compound.
3.1.3 Identify some unusual properties of water.
3.2.2 Define Earth's geosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, atmosphere, and
hydrosphere.
3.4.1 Explain how the law of conservation of matter applies to the behavior of
nutrients in the environment.
UNIT 2: ECOLOGY
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4.1.1 Describe the different levels of organization studied by ecologists.
4.3.1 Describe the factors that influence a population's growth rate.
4.3.2 Explain exponential growth and logistic growth.
4.2.3 Describe the three ways populations can be distributed.
4.3.3 Explain how limiting factors and biotic potential affect population growth.
5.1.2 Describe how speciation and extinction affect the diversity of life on Earth.
5.1.1 Describe the four primary mechanisms of biological evolution.
5.1.2 Describe how speciation and extinction affect the diversity of life on Earth.
5.2.2 Compare and contrast predation, parasitism, and herbivory.
5.2.3 Describe mutualism and commensalism.
5.3.1 Explain the difference between a producer and a consumer.
5.3.2 Explain the effect of inefficient energy transfer on community structure.
6.1.1 Explain how biomes are characterized.
6.1.2 Describe how net primary production varies among biomes.
6.2.1 Explain how organisms are adapted to the conditions of their biomes.
6.3.1 Describe the criteria ecologists use to classify aquatic ecosystems.
6.3.2 List the major categories of freshwater ecosystems.
6.3.3 Explain the ecological importance of estuaries.
6.3.4 List the three major zones of the ocean.
7.1.1 Differentiate the components of biodiversity.
7.3.2 Explain the goal of Species Survival Plans.
7.3.3 Describe three strategies for managing whole ecosystems and habitats.
UNIT 4: EARTH’s RESOURCES
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11.1.1 Explain the importance of managing specific renewable resources.
11.1.2 Describe three resource management approaches.
11.2.1 List some of the ecological and economical values of forest resources.
11.2.2 Describe the costs and benefits of the different methods of timber harvesting.
11.3.1 Explain how logging is managed in U.S. National Forests.
STUDY GUIDE Environmental Science 2012-2013
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11.3.3 Discuss the potential effects of fire suppression on an ecosystem and on
future fires.
12.1.1 Explain three processes by which soil forms.
12.1.2 Describe the horizons that make up a soil profile.
12.4.2 Discuss genetically modified food.
13.1.2 Describe how minerals form.
13.1.3 Identify types of rocks and the stages of the rock cycle.
13.2.2 Describe different methods used for mining.
13.2.3 Explain how metals are processed.
13.3.2 Explain how mining is regulated.
13.3.3 Describe ways that mineral use can become more responsible.
14.2.1 List the three primary categories of freshwater use.
14.2.1 List the three primary categories of freshwater use.
14.2.4 Describe strategies for addressing water depletion.
14.3.1 Discuss the main categories of water pollution.
15.1.2 Identify the four main layers of the atmosphere.
15.1.3 Explain heat transfer and the interaction of air masses in the troposphere.
15.2.4 Explain how acid deposition occurs and describe its effects.
15.2.1 Explain how both natural processes and human activities can cause air
pollution.
15.3.2 Describe international efforts to reduce the ozone hole.
UNIT 5: TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
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16.1.1 Describe factors that affect how the sun warms Earth.
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16.2.1 Identify evidence of global warming.
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16.2.2 Explain three methods used to study climate change.
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16.3.2 Explain how climate change is affecting people now.
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17.1.2 Identify different forms of energy.
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17.1.3 Describe how human society uses energy resources.
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17.2.1 Explain how fossil fuels formed.
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17.2.5 Predict the future of fossil fuels.
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17.3.1 Explain how pollutants released by fossil fuels damage health and the
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17.4.1 Relate nuclear fission to the production of energy.
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18.1.1 Explain the benefits and current status of renewable energy resources.
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18.1.2 Define biomass energy and explain how it is used.
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18.1.3 Describe how geothermal energy is harnessed and used.
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18.2.2 Identify benefits and costs of hydropower.
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18.2.3 Describe how energy from the ocean can generate electricity.
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18.3.3 Explain how wind energy can be used to produce electricity.
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18.3.4 Analyze the benefits and costs of wind energy.
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18.4.1 Describe how hydrogen fuel can be produced.
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19.1.1 Identify the three categories of waste.
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19.2.2 Describe how composting and recycling help reduce the amount of waste.
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19.3.1 Define hazardous waste.