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Exercise 1
Q: Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ and correct the error.
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RNA synthesis from DNA is called transcription
protein synthesis from mRNA is called translation
mRNA carries …Genetic information from the nuclear DNA to the cytosol.
rRNA the complex structures that serve as a site for protein synthesis.
tRNA brings specific amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled as proteins.
binding site of RNA polymerase called DNA promoter
The termination site for transcription called terminator and recognized by ρ (rho) factor.
rifampin: inhibits the transcription by binding to the β subunit of RNA polymerase.
In RNA molecule ‘Shine-Dalgarno’ is Ribosomal binding site in prokaryotic mRNA helps to initiate
protein synthesis
10. The function of stop codon or non-sense codon (UAA, UAG, UGA) is Termination of
translation
11. tRNA contains anticodon.
12. A ribosome consists of rRNA with proteins.
13. The Wobble Hypothesis explainsa Multiple (more one) codons can code for a single amino acid.
14. Initiation of protein synthesis (translation) requires GTP.
15. IF2-GTP brings charged tRNA with methionine.
16. EF-Tu-GTP and EF-Ts bring charged tRNA with new amino acid at A site then Hydrolysis GTP
to GDP and EF-Tu are released.
17. RF1, RF2 and RF3-GTP bind to stop or termination codon to stop translation.
18. Diphtheria toxin inhibits EF2 and inhibits translation in eukaryotes by preventing translocation.
19. Silent mutation: The codon containing the changed base may code for the same amino acid
20. Missense mutation: The codon containing the changed base may code for a different amino
acid.
21. Nonsense mutation: The codon containing the changed base may become a termination or nonsense codon.
22. One or two Nucleotide either addition or deletion called Frame shift mutation.
23. Restriction enzymes is an enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides with
sticky or blunt end.
24. Q. From double-stranded DNA contains the sequence: (a) What is the base sequence of the
mRNA that can be transcribed from this strand? (b) What amino acid sequence could be coded
by the mRNA base sequence?
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1. In eukaryotic, the processing of Pre-mRNA are included
A) Addition poly-A tail at 3ˋ.
B) 7-methylguanosine cap at 5ˋ at pre-mRNA.
C) Splicing of pre-mRNA to remove non-coding introns and join exons.
D) All of these.
E)
2. Which of the following statements about aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases is false?
A) Have an editing/proofreading capability.
B) The enzyme attaches an amino acid to the 3' end of a tRNA.
C) The enzyme will use any tRNA species, but is highly specific for a given amino acid.
D) Need energy, the enzyme splits ATP to AMP + PPi.
E)
3. Formation of the ribosomal initiation complex for bacterial protein synthesis does not require:
A) EF-Tu.
B) GTP.
C) Initiation factor 2 (IF-2).
D) mRNA.
E)
4. Translocation of the newly formed peptidyl tRNA at the A site into the empty P site involves
A) EF-G, GTP
B) EF-Tu, GTP
C) EF-Ts, GDP
D) Peptidyl transferase, GTP
5. Which one of the following antibiotics does not function by interfering with the translational process?
A) Chloramphenicol
B) Penicillin
C) Puromycin
D) Streptomycin
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