Download Body systems Review Sheet

Body Systems Review Sheet
True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
____
1. The dorsal cavities are larger than the ventral cavities.
____
2. Body cavities are spaces within the body that contain vital organs.
____
3. The terms relating to body planes, directions, and cavities are used frequently in the study of human anatomy.
____
4. The periosteum is necessary for bone growth, repair, and nutrition.
____
5. The maxilla is the lower jawbone.
____
6. Foramina are openings in a bone that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone.
____
7. Arthritis is a bone inflammation usually caused by a pathogenic organism.
____
8. Muscles atrophy when they are exercised to the point of pain.
____
9. Muscle spasms are sudden, painful, involuntary muscle contractions.
____ 10. Neurons contain several axons to carry messages to the cell body.
____ 11. Nerves are a combination of many nerve fibers located in the brain and spinal cord.
____ 12. The spinal cord ends at the fourth or fifth lumbar vertebra.
____ 13. The innermost membrane covering the brain and spinal cord is the arachnoid membrane.
____ 14. Spinal nerves are mixed nerves, both afferent and efferent.
____ 15. The double-layered membrane that covers the outside of the heart is the endocardium.
____ 16. Capillaries allow oxygen and nutrients to pass through to body cells.
____ 17. Fibrinogen and prothrombin are blood proteins necessary for the clotting of blood.
____ 18. Aplastic anemia is a result of injury to or destruction of the bone marrow.
____ 19. If hypertension is not treated, it can cause permanent damage to the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys.
____ 20. The nasal cavities are lined with a mucous membrane and have a rich blood supply.
____ 21. The parietal pleura is attached to the surface of the lung.
____ 22. A thoracentesis is the insertion of a tube into the trachea to aid breathing.
____ 23. Most of digestion and absorption takes place in the stomach.
____ 24. Two symptoms of an ulcer are hematemesis and melena.
____ 25. Vaccines are available to help prevent both hepatitis A and hepatitis B.
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 26. The horizontal plane that divides the body into a top half and a bottom half is the ____.
a. transverse
c. frontal
____ 27.
____ 28.
____ 29.
____ 30.
____ 31.
____ 32.
____ 33.
____ 34.
____ 35.
____ 36.
____ 37.
____ 38.
____ 39.
____ 40.
____ 41.
b. midsagittal
d. coronal
The body plane that divides the body into right and left sides is the ____.
a. transverse
c. frontal
b. midsagittal
d. coronal
The cavity for the mouth is the ____.
a. cranial cavity
c. buccal cavity
b. orbital cavity
d. ventral cavity
The cavity that contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and the last part of the large intestine is the
____.
a. pelvic cavity
c. thoracic cavity
b. abdominal cavity
d. buccal cavity
Spaces, or “soft spots,” in the cranium that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs are
____.
a. fontanels
c. sutures
b. foramina
d. sinuses
The vertebrae that are located at the waist are ____.
a. cervical
c. thoracic
b. lumbar
d. sacral
A fracture caused when bone fragments or splinters into more than two pieces is ____.
a. greenstick
c. comminuted
b. spiral
d. depressed
The muscle on the front of the thigh that extends the leg is the ____.
a. sartorius
c. gastrocnemius
b. quadriceps femoris
d. tibialis anterior
The muscle on the buttocks that extends the thigh is the ____.
a. sartorius
c. latissimus dorsi
b. rectus abdominus
d. gluteus maximus
A nerve fiber that carries impulses toward the cell body is a/an ____.
a. dendrite
c. neuron
b. axon
d. myelin
The part of the brain responsible for conducting impulses between brain parts and for certain eye and auditory
reflexes is the ____.
a. pons
c. diencephalon
b. medulla oblongata
d. midbrain
A cerebrovascular accident commonly causes ____.
a. quadriplegia
c. paraplegia
b. hemiplegia
d. biplegia
Abnormal electrical impulses in the neurons of the brain cause ____.
a. cerebral palsy
c. epilepsy
b. cerebrovascular accident
d. Parkinson’s disease
The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium
is the ____.
a. tricuspid valve
c. aortic valve
b. pulmonary valve
d. mitral valve
The blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are the ____.
a. arteries
c. venules
b. veins
d. capillaries
A normal thrombocyte count per cubic millimeter of blood is ____.
____ 42.
____ 43.
____ 44.
____ 45.
____ 46.
____ 47.
____ 48.
____ 49.
____ 50.
a. 100,000 to 200,000
c. 300,000 to 500,000
b. 250,000 to 400,000
d. 450,000 to 550,000
An inherited disease that occurs almost exclusively in males and in which the blood is unable to clot is ____.
a. anemia
c. hemophilia
b. leukemia
d. aneurysm
Dilated, swollen veins that have lost elasticity and cause stasis, or decreased blood flow, are called ____.
a. phlebitis
c. varicose
b. aneurysm
d. emboli
Which of the following statements is not true of sinuses?
a. Sinuses provide the sense of smell.
b. Sinuses are lined with a mucous membrane.
c. Sinuses provide resonance for the voice.
d. Sinuses warm and moisten air.
The pharyngeal tonsils are located in the ____.
a. oropharynx
c. tracheopharynx
b. laryngopharynx
d. nasopharynx
In order to carry air to both lungs, the trachea branches into two tubes called ____.
a. bronchioles
c. bronchi
b. terminal bronchioles
d. alveoli
The membrane or sac that encloses each lung is a ____.
a. pleura
c. perithoracic membrane
b. visceral membrane
d. pneumocardial sac
Which of the following statements is not true about lung cancer?
a. It is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women.
b. It cannot be prevented.
c. There are no symptoms in the early stages.
d. Prognosis is poor.
The bony structure that forms the roof of the mouth is the ____.
a. soft palate
c. maxilla
b. hard palate
d. mandible
Which of the following is not a function of the large intestine?
a. Absorption of water and remaining nutrients
b. Production of intestinal juice containing enzymes
c. Transportation of waste products
d. Synthesis of vitamins by bacteria
Short Answer
51. What is the name of the cavity that contains the brain?
52. What is the function of sudoriferous glands?
53. Name two treatments for osteoporosis.
54. What are two main divisions of the nervous system?
55. What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
56. List five sections of the brain and briefly describe the function of each section.
57. Name five things that blood transports through the body.
58. What are cilia? What is their function?
59. What is the rhythmic, wavelike, involuntary movement of muscles that keeps food moving in a forward
direction?
60. List two functions of the pancreas.
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. Abduction
k.
b. Adduction
l.
c. Circumduction
m.
d. Contractility
n.
e. Contracture
o.
f. Elasticity
p.
g. Excitability
q.
h. Extensibility
r.
i. Extension
s.
j. Fascia
____
____
____
____
____
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
Severe tightening of a flexor muscle
Ability of a muscle to respond to a stimulus
Ability of a muscle to return to its original shape
Moving a body part toward the midline
Bending the lower arm up toward the upper arm
Flexion
Insertion
Involuntary
Ligament
Muscle tone
Origin
Rotation
Tendon
Voluntary
Body Systems Review Sheet
Answer Section
TRUE/FALSE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
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ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
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ANS:
ANS:
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F
T
T
T
F
T
F
F
T
F
F
F
F
T
F
T
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
T
T
MULTIPLE CHOICE
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
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A
B
C
A
A
B
C
B
D
A
D
B
C
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
D
A
B
C
C
A
D
C
A
B
B
B
SHORT ANSWER
51. ANS:
cranial
52. ANS:
eliminate perspiration containing water, salts, and some body wastes
53. ANS:
increased intake of calcium and vitamin D, medications to increase bone mass, exercise, estrogen replacement
54. ANS:
central nervous system, peripheral nervous system
55. ANS:
sympathetic, parasympathetic
56. ANS:
cerebrum: center for reasoning, thought, memory, speech, sensation, sight, smell, hearing, and voluntary body
movement; cerebellum: responsible for muscle coordination, balance and posture, and muscle tone;
diencephalon: contains the thalamus and hypothalamus; thalamus: relay center to direct sensory impulses to
the cerebrum; hypothalamus: regulates and controls the autonomic nervous system, temperature, appetite,
water balance, sleep, blood vessel constriction and dilation; midbrain: conducts impulses between brain parts
and responsible for certain eye and auditory reflexes; pons: conducting messages to other brain parts and
controls reflex actions such as chewing, tasting, and saliva production; medulla oblongata: regulates
heartbeat, respiration, swallowing, coughing, and blood pressure
57. ANS:
oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients (vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, mineral salts or electrolytes), metabolic
and waste products, heat, hormones
58. ANS:
tiny hairlike structures in the nasal cavities that push trapped particles toward the esophagus so they can be
swallowed
59. ANS:
peristalsis
60. ANS:
produce pancreatic juice with enzymes, produce insulin
MATCHING
61. ANS: E
62.
63.
64.
65.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
G
F
B
K