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The Programme for Education in Prisons
Developing Training Programmes for Qualified Teachers to
Teach in Prisons
113991-CP-1-2004-1-MT-GRUNDTVIG-G11
COMMUNICATION
AND
TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
PERSONALITY:
-SOCIAL STATUS
- SOCIAL ROLE
-SOCIAL DYNAMICS: • TEMPERAMENT
• PERSONAL CHARACTERISTIC
• ATTITUDES
• INDIVIDUAL VALUES
etc.
COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE
Every role is always fullfiled in different peculiar way
which manifests in the way of communication.
Social status predicates certain communication
competences:
TEACHER
THERAPIST
MOTHER
SUBORDINATE
STUDENT
PATIENT
CHILD
SUPERIOR
COMPARISON OF FREUD AND BERNE
SUPER
EGO
PARENT
EGO
ADULT
ID
Personal structure by Freud
CHILD
Possible states of EGO by
Berne
Eric Berne
(1910-1970)
States of ego:
CHILD (id) – In his acting appears selfish, without barriers and unlogicaly,
with maximal dependecy on enviroment.
ADULT (ego) – Rational and logically thinking level of our selves
substitutes in ourselves an adult without emotions and prejudices.
PARENTAL (super ego) – state figuring as a criterion for valuation that
serves to express commands and prohibitions.
Eric Berne
Transaction = period of social contact
Transactional stimul
Transactional reaction
Additional nonconflict transactions
PARENT
PARENT
ADULT
ADULT
CHIL
D
CHIL
D
stimul
reaction
Possible variations of additional
reactions
Cross transactions
PARENT
PARENT
ADULT
ADULT
CHIL
D
CHIL
D
stimul
reaktion
A
B
Social and psychological level of transaction
PARENT
ADULT
CHIL
D
trader
PARENT
PARENT
ADULT
CHIL
D
customer
psychologic.
level
social
level
PARENT
ADULT
ADULT
CHIL
D
CHIL
D
boy
girl
Jean Piaget
(1896-1980)
# swiss psychologist
# function of speech with child: social, egocentric
# child persists in us till death
Jaro Křivohlavý
Meaning of crying:
Hysteric crying
Quiet crying
Angry crying
Crying of the deep sadness
Tears of luck
PRACTICAL part
CHILD, ADULT or PARENT
1a
Could you characterise a person after
graph? What would he probably be like,
what social status has he got in society,
how does he probably act with the others
and why? Describe differencies among
graph A,B,C and name them.
A
B
C
RODIČ
DÍTĚ
DÍTĚ
RODIČ
DOSPĚLÝ
DÍTĚ
RODIČ
DOSPĚLÝ
DOSPĚLÝ
CHILD, ADULT or PARENT
1b
Think about your self and try to divide
drawed rounds similary as those in
previous task (1a).
ME and my
children
ME and my
chief
ME and my
parents
SOCIAL WORLD AROUND US
2
Let us mark messages of observed persons,
destine their social status, describe their role and
recorded dialogue draw into structural diagram. For
each situation create two diagrams.
PARENT
PARENT
PARENT
ADULT
ADULT
ADULT
ADULT
CHIL
D
CHIL
D
CHIL
D
CHIL
D
Social
level
PARENT
Psychological
level
ANALYSIS OF WORK TRASACTION
3
Pay high attention to communication
between prisoner and teacher, prisoner
and guard and try similary as in
previous exercise mark all and make
grapgic analysis of transaction.
Dale Carnegie and his advices
4
Provide to your self one of Dale Carnegie
books and study it. Choose five
interesting stories and try to dissect
them from the wiew of transactional
analysis .
LITERATURE
RECOMMENDED LIT.
ADLER, A. Umění rozumět. Praha, Práh 1993.
BERNE, E. Jak si lidé hrají. Dialog, 1992.
CARNEGIE, D. Jak získávat přátele a působit na lidi. Bradlo, Bratislava
1991.
CARNEGIE, D. Úspěch jsi ty aneb několik nezištných rad pana Dala
Carnegihieho. Sest. Juraj Kiška, Genezis, Bratislava 1992.
HONZÁK, R. I v nemoci si buď přítelem. Avicenum, Praha 1989.
KŘIVOHLAVÝ, J. Jak si navzájem lépe porozumíme. Svoboda, Praha 1988.
KŘIVOHLAVÝ, J. Povídej naslouchám. Návrat, Praha 1993.
PLAŇAVA, I. Jak to spolu mluvíme. Brno, FF MU 1992.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
BERNE, E.: Games people play: the psychology of human relationships.
London, Penguin Books 1964. (1996 Paperback, ISBN 0-345-41003-3)
BERNE, E.: Sex in human loving. Harmondsworth, Penguin 1973.
BERNE, E. What Do You Say After You Say Hello? The Psychology of Human
Destiny. New York: Bantam, 1973. (ISBN 0-552-09806-X).
ERSKINE. R. G.: Theories and Methods of an Integrative Transactional
Analysis. TA Press, 1997. ISBN: 0894890042.
HARRIS, T.A.: I´m OK – You´re OK. New York, Grove Press, 1971.
HARRIS, T.A., HARRIS, A.: Staying Ok. Scranton, HarperCollins 1987. ISBN:
0060153156
STEINER, M. C.: Scripts people live. New York, Bantam, 1979. ISBN:
0553136879
STEWART, I.: TA Today: A new introduction to transactional analysis (2nd
ed.). Nottingham, Lifespace Publishing 2002. ISBN 1870244001
COMMUNICATION
Burgoon, J. K., Buller, D. B.,Woodall, W. G.: Nonverbal communication: the
unspoken dialogue. New York, Harper & Row 1989.
Cherry, C.: On Human Communication (2nd ed.). Massachusetts, The M.I.T.
Press 1970.
DeVito, J. A.: Messages: Building interpersonal communication skills (4th
ed.),.NY: Longman 1999.
Fischer, B.A.: Perspecitives on Human Communication. London, McMillan
Publ. Co. 1987.
Gibbon, J.W., Hanna, M.S.: Introduction to human communication. USA, WBC
Wm. C. Brown Publisher 1992.
Griffin, E. M.: A first look at communication theory (2nd ed.). NY: McGrawHill 1994.
Hartley, P.: Interpersonal Communication (2nd.ed). London – N. York,
Routledge 1999.
Knapp, M. L., Miller, G. R., Fudge, K.: Handbook of interpersonal
communication
(2nd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage 1994.
Littlejohn, S. J.: Theories of human communication (6th ed.). Belmont, CA:
Wadsworth 1998.
Wahlstrom, B.J.: Perspectives on human communication. Univ. Of Minnesota,
WBC Wm. C. Brown Publisher 1992.
Model situation
Through personal experience one can try:
How to dissect possible communication expresions
from the wiew of transactional analysis.
To diagnose possible sources of social conflicts
raisen from incorrect identification of formal or informal
social roles.
Summary
Aim of this educational module:
The sense of the lesson is to learn participnants
about theory of transactional analysis and it´s
possible use in everyday practices. Students
among others meet different states of „EGO“.