* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download m4.4 Signal Processing Circuits: (a) Design a two
Audio crossover wikipedia , lookup
Power MOSFET wikipedia , lookup
Josephson voltage standard wikipedia , lookup
Transistor–transistor logic wikipedia , lookup
Signal Corps (United States Army) wikipedia , lookup
Oscilloscope types wikipedia , lookup
Analog television wikipedia , lookup
Integrating ADC wikipedia , lookup
Switched-mode power supply wikipedia , lookup
Power electronics wikipedia , lookup
Analog-to-digital converter wikipedia , lookup
Schmitt trigger wikipedia , lookup
Oscilloscope history wikipedia , lookup
Voltage regulator wikipedia , lookup
Regenerative circuit wikipedia , lookup
Current mirror wikipedia , lookup
Cellular repeater wikipedia , lookup
Quantization (signal processing) wikipedia , lookup
Index of electronics articles wikipedia , lookup
Audio power wikipedia , lookup
Radio transmitter design wikipedia , lookup
Dynamic range compression wikipedia , lookup
Negative-feedback amplifier wikipedia , lookup
Operational amplifier wikipedia , lookup
Rectiverter wikipedia , lookup
Valve RF amplifier wikipedia , lookup
Resistive opto-isolator wikipedia , lookup
Opto-isolator wikipedia , lookup
m4.4 Signal Processing Circuits: (a) Design a two-stage signal processor to serve as a “distortion box” for an electric guitar. The first-stage amplifier applies a variable gain magnitude in the range 13.3 to 23.3 while the second-stage amplifier attenuates the signal by 13.3, i.e., the second-stage amplifier has a fixed gain of 1/13.3. Note that when the first-stage amplifier gain is 13.3 the overall distortion box gain is unity. The distortion effect relies on intentionally driving the first-stage amplifier into saturation (also called “clipping”) when its gain is higher than 13.3. Use a 10-kΩ potentiometer and standard-value resistors in the range 1.0 kΩ and 100 kΩ; see the resistor parts list in Appendix A of the myDAQ tutorial on the . You may combine two standard-value resistors in series to achieve the required amplifier gains. (b) Derive a general formula for percent clipping of a unit-amplitude sinusoidal test signal; this is the percent of time during one period in which the signal is clipped. The formula includes the peak sinusoidal voltage Vp that would appear at the output of the first-stage amplifier with saturation ignored and the actual maximum value Vs due to saturation. (c) Apply your general formula to calculate percent clipping of a 1-V peak amplitude sinusoidal signal for the potentiometer dial in three positions: fully counter-clockwise (no distortion), midscale (moderate distortion), and fully clockwise (maximum distortion). Assume the op-amp outputs saturate at ±13.5 V. (d) Apply a 1-V peak amplitude sinusoidal signal with 100-Hz frequency to the distortion box input and plot its output for the potentiometer dial in the same three positions as above. State the maximum and minimum values of the distortion box output. C M O DR Solution: (begins on next page) m4.4 – Signal Processing Circuits Summary Comparison: Results: Analysis Simulation Measurement Relative Differences: Simulation -- Analysis Measurement -- Analysis Analytical Solution: % clipping, beta=0.5 % clipping, beta=1.0 vo (max) vo (min) 47.2 60.7 1.00 -1.00 50.0 60.4 1.02 -1.02 49.2 60.4 1.00 -1.04 5.9% 4.2% -0.5% -0.5% 2.0% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% Multisim Results: Potentiometer 0% (no distortion): Clipping time = 0; percent clipped = 0% Potentiometer at 50% (medium distortion): Clipping time = 2.50ms, percent clipped = 50.0% Potentiometer at 100% (maximum distortion): Clipping time = 3.02ms, percent clipped = 60.4% Max and min values of second-stage output: Positive saturation voltage: 1.02 V Negative saturation voltage: -1.02 V myDAQ Results: Function Generator setup: Potentiometer full counter-clockwise (no distortion): Clipping time = 0; percent clipped = 0% Potentiometer at 12:00 (medium distortion): Clipping time = 2.46ms, percent clipped = 49.2% Potentiometer full clockwise (maximum distortion): Clipping time = 3.02ms, percent clipped = 60.4% Max and min saturation voltage of second-stage output: Min voltage = -1.04V, max voltage = 1.00V