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Ancient
River
Valleys
Political:
Who controls what?
What type of
government is
there? Anything to
do with laws or war.
Sumer, Babylon,
Assyria, and Persia
Ancient
Mesopotamia Code of Hammurabi
Pharaohs (priest
kings)
Ancient
Egypt
Most famous
pharaoh: King Tut
Divided into the
Lower and Upper
Ancient
India
Little is known of
ancient India
because they can’t
translate their
writing
Economical:
What type of
economy?
How do people
make a living?
Traditional
economy of
trade and
farming
Traded with
Egypt and Indus
Valley --- later
with China on
the Silk Road
Traditional
economy based
on trade and
farming
Traded with
Nubia
Traditional
economy based
on trade and
farming
dynasty
Dynasties
Overthrow bad
rulers
Ancient
China
Traditional
economy based
on trade and
farming
Geography:
Where is it?
Is land
mountainous?
Desert?
Ocean?
-Fertile
Crescent
-Tigris and
Euphrates
Rivers
- Few natural
barriers
-present day:
Iraq
-capital: UR
-Nile River (Blue
Nile and White
Nile Rivers)
-Deserts –
natural barriers
-mountains,
rivers, delta,
cataracts
-fertile soil
Advances Socially:
Religious, intellectual,
artistic
-modern day:
Pakistan
-Indus River
which floods
-monsoons
- mts., deserts,
plateau, etc
-brick walls for protection
against flooding
-artifacts
-invented 0 and its symbol,
Algebra, number system 1-9,
iron plow, cow is sacred
-sanskitt – written language
-polytheism
-Hinduism and Buddhism
-Yellow River
(Huang He)—
yellow
symbolized
“centrality” as
Invented silk
China is the
center of the
Terrace farming world
-mts, deserts -natural barriers
-cuneiform
-ziggurats
-Hanging Gardens
-Tower of Babel
-wheel, plow, sailboat,
number system based
on 60
-Polytheism
-hieroglyphics
-pyramids --- Great
Sphinx
-mummies -> afterlife
-papyrus
-polytheism
-achievements:
astronomy, bronze
work, making silk,
created books,
developed a complex
system of writing
-Great Wall of China
-Chinese language –
pictographs/ideographs
-Chinese Thinkers
-polytheism
Social Classes of Ancient Civilizations
Mesopotamia
Ancient Egypt
Kings, priest,
gov’t officials
Pharaohs
Traders,
Artisans,
Artisans,
merchants,
scribes,
farmers,
shopkeepers
Priests, nobles
fishers
Farmers and Herders
Enslaved people
Unskilled workers
Ancient India
Ancient China
Brahmins - priests
Kshatriyas –
Landowning
warriors and
aristocrats
rulers
Vaisyas-common people
Sudras – unskilled laborers and servants
Peasant farmers
Merchants
Mesopotamia
Egypt
India
China