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Nerves
Name
Long Thoracic nerve
Thoracoabdominal
n.s (inferior
intercostals n.s) (T7T11)
(ventral rami of the
lower thoracic)
Location
Runs vertically over serratus
anterior m. along (anterior)
axillary line
Pierce the rectus sheath after
it has been supplied, near the
median plane, runs between
2nd and 3rd layers of
abdominal muscles
(internal/transversus)
Subcostal n. (T12)
Branches
A few along it’s path
down the muscle
Innervates…
Serratus anterior
Continuation of lower
intercostals nerves
Anterior abdominal muscles and
overlying skin, periphery of
diaphragm
Ventral ramus of 12th
thoracic nerve
Lowest slip of external oblique
and skin over ant. Sup. Iliac
spine (gluteal region)
Skin of scrotum or labium
majus, mons pubis, adjacent
medial aspect of thigh, internal
oblique and transverse
abdominal
Skin of hypogastric region of
iliac crest, internal/transverse
ab.
Central portion of diaphragm
Ilioinguinal n. (L1)
Inguinal canal
Anterior ramus of L1
Iliohypogastric n.
(L1)
Pierces transverses
abdominal, branches pierce
external oblique aponeurosis
Runs vertically over lateral
sides of mediastinum, just
anterior to lung hilum,
between mediastinal pleura
and pericardium
Just anterior of posterior ribs,
lateral to anterior longitudinal
ligament
Most superior (of 3) branch
of sympathetic ganglion
Anterior ramus of L1
Vagus nerve
Wandering path inferior
through chest and abdomen
Cranial Nerve X
Intercostals
In intercostals spaces
between internal and
innermost layers of muscles
Ventral rami of C3C5
Recurrent laryngeal
Loops around subclavian a.
Vagus nerve
on right; runs around arch of
aorta and ascends in
tracheoesophageal groove on
left
From arch of aorta and
Cervical and cardiac
Impulses pass to SA node; PS
posterior surface of heart,
branches of vagus
fibers slow rate, reduce force, &
fibers extend along coronary
nerve and
constrict CAs; sympathetic do
arteries to SA node
sympathetic trunk
opposite
Forms on root of lung and
Vagus nerve and
PS fibers constrict bronchioles;
extends along bronchial
sympathetic trunk
sympathetic fibers dilate them
subdivisions
Distal to trachea bifurcation,
Vagus nerve,
Vagal and sympathetic fibers to
vagus and sympathetic nerves sympathetic ganglia,
smooth muscle and glands of
for plexus around esophagus
greater splanchnic
inferior 2/3 of esophagus
Abdominal Viscera innervations…
Phrenic n.
Sympathetic chain
ganglia
Greater splanchnic
nerve
Cardiac plexus
Pulmonary plexus
Esophageal plexus
Ventral rami of C3C5
Branches out along
each subcostal space
Pretty much everything (it’s the
source of all the nerves)
Transit preganglionic axons
from sympathetic ganglia to
preaortic ganglia in abdominal
cavity
All of thoracic viscera
(pulmonary, esophageal, &
cardiac plexi), most of GI tract
(esophagusleft colic flexure
of large int.
Muscles and skin over
intercostals space; lower nerves
supply muscles and skin of
anterolateral abdominal wall
Intrinsic muscles of larynx
(except cricothyroid); sensory
inferior to level of vocal chords
Notes
Responsible for
segmental
innervation of
skin
(dermatome)
T10 innervates
umbilicus
Organ
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Jejunum & Ileum
Cecum & Appendix
Colon
Spleen
Pancreas
Liver
Bile Duct
Gallbladder
Kidneys, Ureters,
Suprarenal glands
Diaphragm
…more Nerves
Subcostal
Iliohypogastric &
Ilioinguinal (L1)
Innervation(s)
Abdominal part from vagal trunks, thoracic sympathetic trunks, greater/lesser splanchnic, esophageal nerve
plexus
Parasympathetic: anterior/posterior vagal trunks
Sympathetic: T6-T9 through celiac plexus via greater splanchnic
Vagus and sympathetic nerves through celiac and superior mesenteric plexus
Perivascular nerve plexus (around SMA). Sympathetic: Sup. Mesenteric plexus, T5-T9 through celiac plexus
via sympathetic trunks and greater/lesser splanchnic
Parasympathetic: posterior vagal trunk
Superior Mesenteric plexus (S & PS). Symp from lower thoracic spinal cord, Parasymp from vagus
Sympathetic: lumbar sympathetic trunk and superior hypogastric plexus.
Parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnic nerves (from sacral spinal cord)
From celiac plexus
Vagus and thoracic splanchnic nerves passing through diaphragm. PS & S pass along celiac and superior
mesentery plexuses.
Hepatic nerve plexus (derivative of celiac plexus). S from celiac, PS from vagal trunk
Posterior hepatic plexus via right cardiac plexus and posterior vagal trunk
Celiac plexus (S), vagus nerve (PS), and right phrenic nerve (sensory)
Renal plexus (S, PS, visceral afferent) supplied by splanchnic (especially “least”). Suprarenal glands get from
celiac plexus and thoracic splanchnic nerves
Entire motor part from phrenic nerves of C3-C5, sensory nerve in peripheral diaphragm from intercostals
(lower 6 or 7) and subcostal nerves
Location
Anterior rami of T12, pass
posterior to lateral arcuate
ligaments and then on anterior
surface of quadratus lamborum
(runs under 12th rib)
Arise from anterior ramus of L1
and enter abdomen posterior to
medial arcuate ligaments, pass
anterior to quadratus lumborum
Genitofemoral (L1,2)
Pierces anterior surface of psoas
major and runs on it deep to psoas
fascia
Lateral femoral
cutaneous nerve of
thigh (L2,3)
Runs on iliacus muscle and enters
thigh posterior to inguinal
ligament, just medial to anterior
superior iliac spine
Emerges from lateral border of
psoas major and passes deep to the
inguinal ligament
Femoral nerve (L2-4)
– Cindy says L4,5
Obturator nerve (L24)
Lumbosacral trunk
(L4,5)
Sympathetic trunk
Emerges from medial border of
psoas major and passes through
pelvis to medial thigh (obturator
foramen)
Passes over ala (wing) of sacrum
and descends into pelvis, along
medial side of psoas muscle
Very close to lateral surface of
lumbar vertebrae and anterior
Branches
These are two
branches of the
same origin,
IlioHypogastric
is superior to
IlioInguinal
(alphabetically
in order)
Divides lateral
to the common
and external
iliac arteries
into femoral and
genital branches
Innervates
Supply external oblique and skin
of anterolateral abdominal wall
Supply skin of the suprapubic
and inguinal regions
Notes
In our body this
was a single
nerve (thicker,
in Sam’s
opinion, than
you would
expect each one
to be)
Sensory for areas of skin in
genital and femoral regions as
well as motor to cremaster
muscle
Supplies skin on its anterolateral
surface of the thigh
Terminal
branches before
distribution
within femoral
triangle
Innervates iliacus, flexors of hip,
extensors of knee (anterior
femoral compartment)
Adductor muscles (medial
compartment)
Forms sacral plexus
Same old stuff…
This was a fat
nerve, running
between psoas
major and
iliacus
Find it deep to
iliac vessels, on
medial side
(under psoas)
Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
Posterior femoral
cutaneous nerve (S1S3)
(same as posterior
cutaneous nerve of
thigh)
Superior gluteal n.
(L4-S1)
Inferior gluteal n.
(L5-S2)
Pudendal nerves (S24)
surface of sacrum
Largest branch of sacral plexus,
leaves through greater sciatic
foramen inferior to piriformis
muscle and enters gluteal region
Leaves pelvis through greater
sciatic foramen inferior to
piriformis muscle, runs deep to
gluteus maximus and emerges from
inferior border
Leaves pelvis through greater
sciatic foramen superior to
piriformis, runs between gluteus
medius and minimus
Leaves pelvis through greater
sciatic foramen inferior to
piriformis and divides into several
branches
Enters gluteal regions through
greater sciatic foramen inferior to
piriformis; descends posterior to
(outer side of) sacrospinous
ligament, enters perineum through
lesser sciatic foramen
Brachial Plexus (moving down the chart is away from the neck)
Supplies no muscle in gluteal
region, all of lower limb (leg)
below the knee (posterior
compartment?)
Supplies skin of buttock through
inferior clunial branches and
skin over posterior aspect of
thigh and calf; lateral perineum,
upper medial thigh via perineal
branch
Innervates gluteus medius,
gluteus minimus, and tensor of
fascia lata
Gluteus maximus muscle
Supplies most innervation to the
perineum; supplies no structures
in gluteal region
Nerve
Musculocutaneous N.
(C5-C7)
Median N. (C6-8, T1)
Medial Cutaneous N.
of arm (C8, T1)
Medial Cutaneous N.
of forearm (C8, T1)
Ulnar N. (C7,8,T1)
Axillary N. (C5,6)
Radial N. (C5-8)
Saphenous N.
Tibial
Common fibular
Superficial fibular
Deep fibular
Location
Middle branch of “M,” pierces
through coracobrachialis and
descends between biceps brachii
and brachialis
Lateral root joins medial root to
form it lateral to axillary artery
Medial cord, along medial side
of axillary vein
Medial cord, between axillary
artery and vein
Medial cord, passes down medial
aspect of arm and runs posterior
to medial epicondoyle to enter
forearm
Terminal branch of posterior
cord, posterior aspect of arm
with posterior circumflex
humeral artery, gives rise to
lateral cutaneous n. of arm
Descends posterior to axillary
artery, enters radial groove w/
deep brachial artery to pass
between long and medial heads
of triceps
Originates with Femoral n,
descends with femoral vessels
through femoral triangle and
adductor canal then descends
with great saphenous vein
Forms as sciatic bifurcates at
apex of popliteal fossa; runs on
popliteus, terminates beneath
flexor retinaculum by dividing…
Forms as sciatic bifurcates at
apex of popliteal fossa; follows
medial border of biceps femoris
& tendon, over posterior head of
fibular, winds around neck of
fibula where it divides…
Descends in lateral compartment
of the leg, pierces deep fascia at
distal third of leg to become
subcutaneous
Passes through extensor
digitorum longus and descends
on interosseous membrane,
enters dorsum of foot
Branches
Continues as lateral
cutaneous nerve of
arm
Lateral cutaneous n
of arm
Posterior cutaneous
n of arm and
forearm
From femoral
From sciatic…
…divides into
medial and lateral
plantar nerves
From sciatic…
…divides into deep
and superficial
fibular nerves
From common
fibular  divides
to lateral and
intermediate dorsal
cutaneous n.
From common
fibular
Innervates
Supplies all nerves in anterior
compartment of arm
(coracobrachialis, bicps, brachialis),
forearm
Flexor muscles of forearm (except
flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnar half of
flexor digitorum profundus, and 5
hand muscles)
Supplies skin on medial side of arm
Supplies skin on medial side of
forearm
Innervates 1.5 flexor muscles in
forearm, most small hand muscles,
and skin of hand medial to line
bisecting 4th digit
Innervates teres minor and deltoid,
glenohumoral joint, and skin over
inferior part of deltoid
Innervates triceps, anconeus,
brachioradialis, & extensor muscles
of forearm; supplies skin on posterior
aspect of arm and forearm via
posterior cut. N. of arm and forearm
Supplies skin on medial side of leg
and foot
Supplies posterior muscles of leg and
knee joint
Supplies skin on lateral part of
posterior aspect of leg via its branch,
the lateral sural cutaneous nerve; also
supplies knee joint via its articular
branch
Supplies fibularis longus and brevis
and skin on distal third of anterior
surface of leg and dorsum of foot and
all digits, except lateral side of 5th
and adjoining sides of 1st and 2nd
Supplies anterior muscles of leg,
dorsum of foot, and skin of first
interdigital cleft; sends articular
branches to joints it crosses
Notes