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Chapter 5 Exercises
Multiple Choice
Select the best answer.
1. The __________, or boot drive, is the partition on the hard drive used to boot the
OS.
a. primary drive
b. active partition
c. extended partition
d. logical drive
2. NTFS (New Technology file system) uses a database called the ____________ to
store information about files and directories and their locations on the hard drive.
a. master file table (MFT)
b. file allocation table (FAT)
c. partition unit
d. boot record
3. When connecting a hard drive to an IDE connector, which type of cable is the
fastest?
a. 40-conductor IDE cable
b. 80-conductor IDE cable
c. UltraDMA100/66 cable
d. serial ATA cable
4. Which of these is not a way a CD-ROM drive can interface with a motherboard?
a. using an IDE interface
b. using a SCSI interface with a SCSI host adapter
c. using a DMA interface
d. via an external port, such as a USB
5. Which of these does a hard drive interface standard not define?
a. type of connectors used to connect to the motherboard
b. method used to write data to hard drive
c. type of cables used to connect to the motherboard
d. data transfer speed of the hard drive
Answers
1. b
2. a
3. d
4. c
5. b
Fill-in-the-Blank
Write the word or phrase to fill in the blank in each of the following
questions.
1. With ________, tracks near the center have the smallest number of sectors per
track, and the number of sectors increases as the tracks grow larger.
2. On a CD-ROM, ________ are raised areas and ________ are recessed areas on the
surface; each represents either a 1 or a 0, respectively.
3. ___________ occurs when a single file is placed in several cluster locations that
are not directly next to each other.
4. A __________ is a temporary storage area in RAM for data being read from or
written to a hard drive, and is used to speed up access time to the drive.
5. A Zip drive is a type of ____________, a hard disk that you insert and remove
from a hard disk drive.
Answers
1. zone bit recording
2. lands, pits
3. fragmentation
4. disk cache
5. removable hard disk, or disk cartridge
Matching Terms
Match the terms with their definitions.
_f_
_e_
_c_
_i__
_g_
_d_
_a_
_h_
_b_
_j_
1. hard drive
controller
2. SCSI ID
3. cylinder
4. CD-RW
5. Disk
Cleanup
6. ATAPI
7. sector
8. cluster
9. Disk
Management
10.
multisession
a. an arc-shaped area of a track that usually stores
512 bytes of data.
b. utility to partition and format a hard drive
c. set of tracks that lie at the same distance from
the center on all sides of all platters of the hard disk
d. standard followed by CD-ROM drives, DVD-ROM
drives that use an IDE interface
e. number from 0 to 15 assigned to each device on a
SCSI bus
f. a special purpose chip with that allows the CPU to
communicate with a hard drive
g. utility used to delete temporary and other
nonessential files on a hard drive
h. the minimum unit the operating system uses to
store information; made up of two or more sectors
i. allows you to overwrite old data on an optical disc
with new data
j. allows you to record data to the same CD-R in
several different sessions
Short Answer Questions
Write a brief answer to each of the following questions.
1. Describe the formatting process used to take a hard disk from its newly
manufactured state to a fully functional storage media
2. What is the purpose of the boot record on a disk?
3. You install a hard drive and then turn on the PC for the first time. You access
CMOS setup and see that the drive is not recognized. What steps should you take
next?
4. Describe the steps required to install a new IDE/ATA hard drive.
5. What error message might appear if the partition table is damaged? The boot
record? The FAT?
Answers
1. Three main steps are involved in the process of formatting a hard disk:
1. low-level (physical) formatting
2. partitioning
3. high-level (logical) formatting
Low-level or physical formatting writes track and sector markings on the disk,
and creates a FAT, a directory table, and a root directory. Once a hard disk has been
physically formatted, it can be partitioned. Partitioning is the process of dividing the
hard disk into regions called partitions. When a hard disk is partitioned, a partition
table is created at the beginning of the hard drive. The partition table is exactly 512
bytes long and occupies the first sector of the hard drive on head 0, track 0, sector
1. This sector is called the partition sector, master boot sector or the Master Boot
Record (MBR). The partition table lists the number of partitions on the drive, their
locations, and which partition is the active partition, which is the partition used to
boot the computer. Within each partition, the operating system creates logical drives
and assigns letters, such as drive C or drive D, to each logical drive. After a hard
drive has been physically formatted and partitioned, it must be logically formatted.
Logical formatting or high-level formatting places a file system on the disk for each
logical drive. A file system allows an operating system, such as DOS or Windows XP,
to use the space available on a hard disk to store and retrieve files. While creating
the file system during logical formatting, the operating system creates a boot record,
a root directory, and two copies of the file allocation table (FAT) for each logical
drive.
2. The boot record contains information about how the disk is organized, including
the number of sectors, the number of sectors per cluster, the number of bits in each
FAT entry, and other basic information that an OS or BIOS needs to read the data on
the disk.
3. Turn off the PC, open the case, and verify that the data cable and power cable are
connected correctly and jumpers on the drive are set correctly.
4. The process of installing an IDE/ATA hard drive involves the following basic steps:
1. Prepare to install the hard drive by reading the documentation for the drive
and your motherboard, planning the drive configuration, setting up your work
area, and taking safety precautions.
2. Set jumpers on the drive housing.
3. Physically install the drive inside the computer case by mounting the drive in
the bay and then attaching the power cord and data cable. To install an IDE
drive, you need the drive, a 40-conductor or 80-conductor data cable, and
perhaps a kit to make the drive fit into a much larger bay.
4. Inform CMOS setup of the new drive, or verify that autodetect correctly
detected the drive.
5. If you are installing an OS on the drive, boot from the operating system setup
CD and then complete the installation process to partition and complete highlevel formatting of the disk. Skip step 6.
6. If the drive is not intended to hold an OS (for example, if it is a second drive
in a two-drive system):
a. Use the Fdisk utility or Disk Management to create one or more
partitions on the drive and then divide the extended partition (if there
is one) into logical drives.
b. Use the Format command or Disk Management to high-level format
each logical drive.
5. The following error messages might appear:
If this is damaged…
…the following error message might appear…
Partition table
Boot record
FAT
Invalid drive or drive specification
Invalid media type, Non-DOS disk, or Unable to read from
drive C
Sector not found reading drive C, Abort, Retry, Ignore,
Fail?