Download c. encourage the consolidation of nation states

Name __________________________________________ Date__________________ Class__________________
Industrial Revolution and Nationalism Test
VERSION: A
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. What was one of the causes of the Agricultural Revolution in Great Britain (1750-1850)?
a.
Existing crops in Europe were modified to be made more productive
b. New farming innovations guided by wealthy farmers who enclosed common land
c.
Domesticated animals from the Americas that were better for food and for farm labor
d. Ending the crop rotation method that had left some of the land fallow
____
2. What was a result of the enclosure movement?
a. laws were standardized in order to ensure fair and safe working conditions
b. agriculture was controlled more by wealthy farmers so poor farmers moved to cities
c. workers of the same trade joined together to get better pay and conditions
d. women gained the right to vote
____
3. What factors contributed to Great Britain being the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution?
a.
It had natural resources that were used by entrepreneurs who had access to capital
b.
A shortage of labor led businesses to invent machines in order to increase production
c.
Its colonies in South America were able to provide the raw goods to fuel new industries
d.
Its powerful monarchy was able to guide the organization of the economy
____
4. What led to the changes shown in the maps above?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The new farming methods encouraged people to move to the countryside
Conflict in the north with Scotland led to English migration to the south
A rapidly growing population forced many farmers to move to urban areas
Great Britain’s focus on colonization in Asia led many British to leave the country
____
5. Which of the following Industrial Revolution invention is correctly matched with its function?
a. cotton gin- spins cotton into threads
c. flying shuttle- sorts seeds out of cotton
b. steam engine- weaves thread into cloth
d. spinning jenny- turns wool into yarn
____
6. How did the steam engine change the textile industry?
a The seeds could be more efficiently removed from cotton
b It improved life for children working in the mills
c It decreased the industry’s need for coal
d Factories no longer had to be built near rivers and streams
“My school life came to an end when I was about eight years old. . . I now went to work at John
Sharpe’s mill at the bottom of the town and close to the school I had left. . . We could count whole
families of children who worked with us who had gone to an early grave.”
—Thomas Wood, child mill worker, quoted in Useful Toil
____
7. What was one effect of the factory system as described in the primary source above?
a. Work in the factories caused many children to lose their parents
b. The use of child labor led to limited education and deadly working conditions
c. Most students received free education while working in the factories
d. Many people moved out of the towns in order to work at the textile mills
____
8. How did mass production change the nature of manufactured products?
a.
Prices went up as they became more scarce and exported less frequently
b.
Demand for raw materials decreased as efficiency in factories improved
c.
Customized products were made by skilled workers working in cottage industries
d.
Products with identical parts were produced on assembly lines
The growth of the major industrial cities also caused water pollution. All too often, rivers that pass
through urban areas became a receptacle for human waste products, both domestic and industrial.
Sewage, as in most cities, was washed out into the streets where it found its way to the rivers with
disastrous consequences. Both London and Paris, the largest cities in Europe with respectively 1 and
2.4 million inhabitants by 1850, experienced a series of recurring epidemics of cholera and typhoid.
London was one of the first cities in the world to build a sewer system and improve the quality of its
drinking water supply. Cholera eventually became a thing of the past and the general health of the
population improved spectacularly. London’s example of building adequate sewer systems and
treatment plants was soon followed by other cities making urban environments much cleaner.
-www.eh-resources.org
____
9. Many modern developing countries are going through an Industrial Revolution much in the same way as
Great Britain did in the early 1800s. How can the information above be applied to help solve the problems of
growing cities in developing countries that may be experiencing similar difficulties?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Reducing air pollution can help improve the health of the citizens in cities
By developing infrastructure like a water treatment system, dangerous diseases can be
reduced
Cities should prevent their populations from growing in order to keep the environment
clean
By allowing businesses to operate without government regulation, health quality will
naturally improve over time
____ 10. According to the overall trend in the graph shown, what happens in Ireland in the years displayed above?
a. A revolution that killed many of the Irish population
b. Significant population growth and then decline due to over-reliance on potatoes
c. Migration to urban centers for factory work
d. An influx of American settlers who contributed to a growing population
____ 11. Which of the following describes a major social impact of industrialization in the first half of the nineteenth
century in Great Britain?
a. women gained more equality from new economic opportunities
b. the number of people involved in agriculture increased
c. poor people became less able to afford consumer goods
d. access to entertainment and education was blocked by the aristocracy
____ 12. How did the inventions of Samuel Morse and Alexander Graham Bell change the world?
a. They improved techniques for spinning yarn and weaving it into cloth
b. They dramatically increased the speed of transportation of goods and people
c. They allowed workers to be more efficient by giving them light to work by after the sun went
down
d. They allowed for near instantaneous global communication for the first time
“Every man, as long as he does not violate the laws of justice, is left perfectly free to pursue his own
interest his own way, and to bring both his industry and capital into competition with those of any
other man, or order of men.”
-Adam Smith
“What is the proletariat? The proletariat is that class in society which lives entirely from the sale of its
labor and does not draw profit from any kind of capital; whose weal and woe, whose life and death,
whose sole existence depends on the demand for labor.... the proletariat can free himself only
by abolishing private property in general.”
-Fredrick Engles and Karl Marx
____ 13. From analyzing the economic theories described above, what is the major difference in the systems that Adam
Smith and Karl Marx envisioned?
a. Smith believed his system could only be established through revolution while Marx believed in the
peaceful transition of economies over time
b. Smith did not believe that the government should create any laws of justice while Marx believed that
competition would regulate the economy
c. Smith believed that individuals looking after their own self-interest would be most efficient while
Marx believed that the government should redistribute private property
d. Smith was most focused on protecting the rights of the working class while Marx believed that the
freedom of the upper class was the best way to grow the economy
____ 14. In which of the following economic systems does the government seek to help the needy by redistributing
some of the wealth?
a. socialism
c. communism
b. mercantilism
d. capitalism
You are surrounded, as we have constantly shown you throughout this book, with an infinite number of
comforts and conveniences which had no existence two or three centuries ago and those comforts are
not used only by a few, but are within the reach of almost all men. Every day is adding something to
your comforts. Our houses are better built, your clothes are cheaper, you have an infinite number of
domestic utensils. You can travel cheaply from place to place, and not only travel at less expense, but
travel ten times quicker than two hundred years ago.
-The Working Man’s Companion, 1831
____ 15. From the source above, how did the Industrial Revolution impact the upper and lower classes of society?
a. The newfound comforts of the Industrial Revolution were only available to the upper class
b. Even the lower classes benefited from the availability of inexpensive consumer goods
c. Standards of living declined for the upper class but increased for the lower class
d. The middle class declined because of the unavailability of affordable housing
____ 16. How did the Industrial Revolution impact the global economy?
a. Factory production allowed every European country to become economically self-reliant
b. Slavery in America declined due to the fall in demand for cotton in Europe
c. New communist economic systems promoted international trade equality
d. Demand for more raw materials drove Europeans to imperialize foreign nations
____ 17. Which of the following ideas would a 19th Century political Conservative be in favor of?
a.
b.
protecting the rights of the upper class
better working conditions for the
factories
c.
d.
lowering taxes for the middle class
allowing suffrage to the working class
____ 18. How were the trends in the graph above achieved in Great Britain?
a.
England went through a revolution that removed the monarchy
b. A series of Parliamentary Acts were passed that improved working conditions
c.
Suffrage was extended to the working class and to women
d. As slavery was abolished, more people gained citizenship in British colonies
The Revolutions of 1848, while widespread, were short-lived events. Their aims varied from country to
country but they had the common goals of advancing nationalist goals and taking power from the
ruling aristocracies to create governments that represented more of the people. Though most of these
revolutions failed to reach these goals, they were by no means insignificant. The modernization of
ideals, the rise of nationalism, the shifts in political ideologies, and the rise of the popular will outlasted
the revolutions themselves, and are what make them so significant to European history.
-D.H. Darwin
____ 19. According to the source above, what would be a correct evaluation of the impact of the Revolutions of 1848?
a. Both Germany and Italy were successful in uniting their countries without warfare
b. Most of the countries of Europe removed their monarchs and established democratic
governments
c. The identity of countries in Europe were turned away from the concept of the nation-state
d. Few governments in Europe changed as a result but liberal ideals began to spread
____ 20. How did the Austro-Hungarian Empire attempt to keep peace within its multinational empire?
a. Insist that all ethnic groups accept Austrian culture and speak German.
b.
c.
d.
Grant all minority ethnic groups independent countries.
Create a dual monarchy with two parliaments that could make separate laws.
Invade Russia in order to unite the diverse people groups.
Distribution of Population in Palestine
Jewish
Arab
1883
15,300
356,000
1914
61,000
737,000
1922
95,000
726,000
1931
176,000
881,000
1939
458,000
1,083,000
1946
603,000
1,340,000
____ 21. What was the cause of the changes in the distribution of Jewish and Arab populations in Palestine?
a. The growing Zionist movement encouraged many Jews to move to Palestine
b. Many Jews were killed in a war with the Arabs in the early 20th Century
c. The Arab population grew more rapidly than the Jewish due to adopting better agricultural
methods
d. The Jewish population declined as the Arabs removed the Jews from the land around Jerusalem
____ 22. What was the cause of the Balkan Wars?
a.
The Spanish wished to stop independence movements in the Americas
b.
The British fought the French over dominance in Africa
c.
Russia invaded the Austrian Empire in order to gain territory
d.
Many ethnic groups in the Ottoman Empire sought independence
____ 23. What role did Giuseppe Garibaldi have in Italian unification?
a. he took the southern parts of Italy and gave them to Victor Emmanuel
b. he incited a war with Prussia in order to give the Italian people a common cause
c. his Red Shirts conquered all of Italy and he was crowned emperor
d. his death in the Revolutions of 1848 served as an inspiration to nationalists
“Germany is not looking to Prussia's liberalism, but to its power; …Prussia has to coalesce and
concentrate its power for the opportune moment, which has already been missed several times.
Prussia's borders according to the Vienna Treaties [of 1815] are not favorable for a healthy, vital state.
It is not by speeches and majority resolutions that the great questions of the time are decided …but by
iron and blood.”
-Otto von Bismarck
____24. According to the quote above, what would be Bismarck’s method of unifying Germany?
a.
Prussia would fight to obtain iron for its growing industries.
b.
The liberal ideals of freedom and democracy would unite the German people.
c.
He would use the Prussian military as a force for German unification.
d.
A negotiated treaty similar to the Congress of Vienna.
____25. What was a similarity of the attack of the Spanish Armada and the Thirty Years War?
a. They both were wars fought between Catholics and Protestants
b. They both were sparked by a ruler oppressing his people
c. They both resulted in a complete failure and the rise of a new power
d. They both eventually led to increased ideas of freedom of religion
____26. What did Enlightenment thinkers have in common with the founders of the United States?
a.
They felt that a separation of powers would lead to a more powerful government
b.
They believed that people did not have the right to select their leaders
c.
They believed that maintaining a monarchy was important
d.
They determined that people had the right to a voice in their government
____ 27. The revolutions of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century helped to spread Enlightenment ideals and do
which of the following?
a. repudiate socialist and communist philosophies.
b. strengthen European control over South America.
c. encourage the consolidation of nation states
d. result in the weakening of national states because of the growing emphasis on the individual.
____ 28. Why was France at war with foreign powers in the midst of the Revolution?
a. Robespierre sought to control all of Europe so that he could become emperor.
b. The French military only defended the country from foreign invasion
c. Great Britain was engaged in a trade war with French Merchants in the Mediterranean.
d. Other monarchs were afraid of the Revolution spreading to their countries
____29. Why did the people of France accept Napoleon as their leader after he took over in a coup d’etat?
a. He helped bring stability and Enlightened reforms to France.
b. The people wanted to end wars with their neighboring countries and hoped he disarm France.
c. The people wanted the pope to crown him emperor because he ruled by divine right.
d. He completely went against the ideals and nationalism of the Revolution.
____30. Which of the following was a hindrance in Napoleon maintaining unity in his large empire?
a. As the leader of a Republic, many of his plans were blocked by the National Assembly.
b. He was unable to find loyal rulers to put into the leadership of conquered countries.
c. Though Napoleon encouraged trade to bring unity, most of Europe refused to trade with Great Britain.
d. The people of Spain used guerilla tactics to attack his soldiers and forcing the French to retreat.
Short Answer (3 points each)
Answer the following in three to five well-developed sentences.
1. The Industrial Revolution brought many changes to Europe and the world. Discuss two positive outcomes and
one negative outcome of the Industrial Revolution and how each outcome affected daily life.
2. Describe the term Nationalism. Using your definition as a basis, describe how Nationalism has been both a
source for unity and conflict, providing a specific example for each.