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Exploration Activity: Enzymes Research Research the following information about enzymes. Definition of enzyme Definition of substrate Importance of enzymes How enzymes are named Where enzymes are made Basics of the Lock and Key model of enzyme action Basics of the Induced Fit model of enzyme action Active Sites Impact of changes in temperature and pH on enzymes Modeling Enzyme Action 1. Design a 3-D model that illustrates both models of enzyme function. The model you design should demonstrate both the Lock and Key and the Induced Fit explanations of enzyme interaction with substrate. Your model should also be able to demonstrate the impact of changes in HEAT and/or pH on enzyme function. 2. Prepare a 2 to 3 minute oral presentation describing how your model demonstrates both possible explanations of how enzymes interact with substrates and how heat and pH impact your enzyme’s function. 3. Present your model to the class. Be sure all members of the group are involved in the presentation and that you clearly show your understanding of the difference between Lock and Key and Induced Fit models of enzyme function. Your model and explanation must answer the question: “How can enzymes be so specific in terms of the substrate they impact?” Activity Summary Questions Basic Graphs Enzyme Efficiency I) Temperature (a) A) B) C) D) Temperature (b) Acid Base Acid (c) Base (d) Graph (a) shows that this enzyme will work best at what type of temperatures? Graph (b) shows that this enzyme will work best at what type of temperatures? Graph (c) shows that this enzyme will work best at what type of pH? Graph (d) shows that this enzyme will work best at what type of pH? Basic Neutral Acidic II) Graph A) At what pH does enzyme A work best at? B) At what pH does enzyme B work best at? C) How high was the enzyme efficiency for enzyme A at a pH of 8? D) Which enzyme works best at a basic pH? E) Which enzyme is the most efficient at any pH? pH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Enzyme A Efficiency 10 30 55 75 90 85 70 60 35 20 0 0 0 0 0 Enzyme B Efficiency 0 0 0 0 0 20 35 45 50 65 80 55 40 30 20 III. Evaluating Graphs Below you’ll find graphs that show how pH affects four different enzymes. For each, explain the trend you see, and where the enzyme is most efficient, shown by the optimum, or best pH. I. Chymotrypsin (enzyme that digests proteins):: II. Cholinesterase (enzyme that affects neurotransmitters): III. Pepsin (enzyme that digests proteins): IV. Papain (enzyme in papaya): IV. Pulling it all together Answer the following question based on the table below: Enzyme Effective Temperature (◦C) Optimum pH A 60-80 3 B 30-40 5 C 20-38 9 D 20-27 7 If enzyme C is functioning at 20 degrees Celsius and a pH of 7, under which conditions would the rate of enzyme activity probably increase? a) The temperature is decreased to 22 degrees and the pH is kept the same. b) The temperature is increased to 30 degrees Celsius and the pH is increased to 8. c) The temperature is kept the same and the pH is decreased to 6. d) The temperature is increased to 44 degrees Celsius and the pH is kept the same. Explain why: