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Introduction to Principles of Planning and Implementation
Study Guide
Define “program.”
Distinguish between effectiveness and efficiency.
In the “problem analysis” stage of program planning:
a. What is “etiology”?
b. How do social workers usually understand etiology of problems they encounter?
c. Give an example of how one’s understanding of etiology will inform one’s intervention.
d. *On the exam, you will be asked to apply this to a particular topic.
With regards to “needs assessment,” distinguish between: normative need, perceived need, expressed
need, and relative need.
a. *On the exam, you will be asked to apply these to a particular topic.
What is a “program hypothesis”? Be able to give an example.
If conducting an outcome evaluation of a program, be able to distinguish between independent and
dependent variables. You will need to distinguish these examples on a case example on the exam.
Why is it important to assess the “severity of a problem” when program planning and determining
interventions?
Distinguish between process evaluation / outcome evaluation / cost-benefits analysis.
A definition of mental health is: “Concepts of mental health include subjective wellbeing, perceived self-efficacy,
autonomy, competence, intergenerational dependence and recognition of the ability to realize one’s intellectual and
emotional potential. It has also been defined as a state of wellbeing whereby individuals recognize their abilities, are able
to cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively and fruitfully, and make a contribution to their communities.”
Give an example of a neurocognitive disorder.
What are two symptoms that may characterize schizophrenia?
What is one characteristic of a “manic episode” as seen in bipolar disorder?
What is the difference between a delusion and a hallucination?
What is stigma?
What is meant by “It is important that someone suffering from a mental illness is given the least
restrictive treatment”?
What is the difference between an inpatient and outpatient intervention?
What are the characteristics of a mental health day treatment facility?
One of the recommendations of the World Health Organization is that mental health should be
integrated into the primary health care system. What does this mean?
One of the principles of mental health treatment is to respect the rights of individuals to refuse
treatment. When is it necessary to disregard this right and require treatment?
What is a discharge plan?
What is informed consent with regard to mental health and substance abuse treatment?
Interventions to address the problem of drug abuse address both the supply and demand of drugs.
Give an example of an intervention that addresses supply and one that addresses demand.
How is harm reduction different from abstinence?
Drug addiction is said to be maintained by both physical and psychological processes. Explain this
statement. What are the implications of this statement for substance abuse treatment.
What is the primary purpose of detoxification?
Why is it often recommended that individuals with severe drug addictions attend a residential
treatment program?
Why are self-help groups seen as an important component of treatment for many individuals with
substance abuse issues?
What is meant by a pedagogic barrier to student’s learning and success?
How do school social workers work on the micro, mezzo, and macro level? Give an example of a
role on each level.
What is an “exceptional learner”?
Give two categories of exceptional learners.
What does it mean to have a deficit in receptive language?
What are two ways that special education may meet the needs of an exceptional learner?
What are two types of neglect?
35. What is meant by a “child protection system”? What is its function?
36. One of the components of a child protection system is: Meaningful coordination across government
and between sectors at different levels. What is meant by this? Be specific about the different levels
of government and what is meant by “sectors.”
37. What is meant by “mandated reporting” with regards to child abuse and neglect?
38. In child protection, what is the difference between preventative and responsive services? Give an
example of each.
39. How is aggravated domestic violence different from ‘general domestic violence’?
40. What are three options for dealing with domestic violence cases that come to the attention of the
FSU?
41. Give two examples of the type of protection that a protection order can offer.
42. Beyond legal/criminal justice interventions, what other services would need to be offered to fully
address the problem of domestic violence in Sierra Leone?
43. Be able to describe how adolescents are developing socially, cognitively, emotionally, physically,
sexually,
and in terms of identity.
44. What is a developmental asset? What is the difference between an “external” and an “internal”
developmental asset? Give an example of each.
45. What is one way to give youth “ownership” in a program?
46. What are two ways to create a youth-friendly atmosphere in a program?
47. What is meant by the principle: “whenever possible, youth programming should be holistic and
multisectoral?
48. What is the difference between the “medical model” of disabilities and the “social model”?
49. What is disability inclusive development?
50. What does community-based rehabilitation mean? Distinguish it from institutional living.
51. Describe the purpose of the community-based rehabilitation matrix. Name one of its components
and one of that component’s elements.
52. What are “personal assistance services”?
53. What does LGBTQI stand for?
54. What are the four stages of the sexual response cycle?
55. Name and describe four factors that impact one’s sexuality and ability to sexually function in a
healthy way.
56. Distinguish between (biological) sex, sexuality, and gender.
57. From a program planning standpoint, what are the needs of the LGBTQI community.
58. Describe the intentions of sex therapy. Define strategies used in sex therapy.
59. What is meant by the “informal sector”?
60. What are the characteristics of a “microenterprise”?
61. Assistance for microenterprise falls into three categories. What are they?
62. What are three financial services that poor people need?
63. Microfinance institutions operate under four corporate structures. Name two.
64. What three difficulties that a microbusiness might deal with?
65. The reading states that: “Most interventions [for microenterprises] are focused on improving the
supply-side.” What does this mean? Give an example of a supply-side intervention.