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Running Head: Telecommunication Principle
Telecommunication Principle Definition
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Running Head: Telecommunication Principle
Telecommunications
Telecommunications can be termed as a process in which signals can be transmitted over
a very long distance. For instance, the use of the telegraph, radio and television are
telecommunication. In addition, it is a process in which one hears the electrical communication.
In essence, telecommunications deals mostly with the voice telephony and the typical providers
of this services which is the telephone company. In telecommunication, electrical
communication is mainly involved such as communicating at a distance of voice and data.
Moreover, image information that can be sent using the facsimile machine. Most importantly, the
media that this telecommunication utilizes are the wire pair, the coaxial cable, the fiber optics
and the radio (In Penttinen 2015).
Telecommunication principle
The Telecommunication principles seek to offer a clear path in which it holds up no
matter how the industries quickly change. Maintaining and adhering to these principles ought to
encourage service providers and any other innovators to maximize their wealth by maximizing
their investments by bringing valuable services and products to its clients. This principle explains
that what cannot be regulated should not be tried to be regulated. For instance, policies that are
directed to internet or cloud computing can be evaded by moving to other location or data centers
out of the country. In this regard, the policy makers ought not to accept the technological reality
for the sake of the political pressure.
Another principle depicts that what should not require regulation should not in any way
be attempted to be regulated. This is because, at some situations, innovations should be left to
increase the productivity and drive the increase in production levels. So in this regards, anything
Running Head: Telecommunication Principle
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that should not be regulated ought not to be. For regulations meant for telecommunications
industry monopoly, then it has become a stumbling block to most changing the competitive and
dynamic environment. For technologies policies that are designed to change for better, it should
be adhered to (O'Reilly 2014).
It's been found that legislation is better than the regulation since legislation best reflects
the will of the citizens rather than regulation. Therefore, legislation is the best since it helps in
creating a more predictable working environment for these service providers and thus enable
business planning to be more competitive and responsive than the regulatory oversight. So
whenever possible, this principle depicts that if possible, the legislators should develop and
establish the policies governing the telecommunication industry.
The telecommunication principles state that the consumers are the boss and thus what
they want should be given to them. This is because the legal rules insist on the
telecommunications industry respecting the customer’s choice. For instance, if a customer is
interested in a bundle of services offered by a certain provider, then they should be provided it
1
In Penttinen, J. T. J. (2015). The telecommunications handbook: Engineering guidelines
for fixed, mobile and satellite systems.
O'Reilly, J. J. (2014). Telecommunication Principles. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
Flood, J. E. (2012). Telecommunication networks. London: Inst. of Electrical Engineers.
Running Head: Telecommunication Principle
with. This is because the consumer groups assume that the business seeks to harm the customers
and thus the reason for imposing strict policies (Flood 2012).
The telecommunication principles also require that the Neutrality should be the goal.
Regarding tax and the regulations regarding this policy, all should be technologically neutralized.
This will help to answer why the internet is highly taxed and regulated while others are not taxed
that heavily. Moreover, this principle seeks to eliminate the artificial distinctions that imply that
the technological convergence makes the old and the legal and regulatory distinctions irrelevant.
As for the digital world, the distinction which exists between the local and the long distance
telephony services has no meaning as perceived.
Communication protocol
In this telecommunication, the protocol that is also termed as the rules of the system
allows two or more entities to utilize the communication system. In this regards, the system is
utilized to transmit the information trough any kind of the physical quantity. Protocols used are
the standards that define the syntax and semantics with a possibility of synchronization of the
system of communication. This will enable the users to recover any possible error during its
operation. These protocols can be implemented by the hardware or the software or both of them.
In these communications systems, well-defined protocols are used in the exchange of
messages. Each of the messages has exact meaning that is intended to elicit certain responses
from wide ranges of possible responses that are predetermined for particular situations. Specified
behaviors are typically independent and thus show how it should be implemented. These
protocols are to be agreed by the parties who are involved so as to reach an agreement to be
Running Head: Telecommunication Principle
developed into a technical standard. Programming languages also used describes the formats for
computations so that there would be a close analogy between the protocols and these languages
(Goleniewski 2011).
What the telecommunication does
The telecommunication devices do a lot of tasks. It had made it possible for people at a
very long distance to communicate together. The emergence of telecommunication technology
has made it possible for many people to send nearly everything in the media. For instance, the
use of cell phones and wireless internet signals. This is advantageous as the users do not
necessarily need to share messages with others using the plug cord (Pang 2010).
Telecommunications help in transmitting information from one place to another. For
instance, the electronic telecommunication equipment such as the radio and Television helps in
transferring the information. This implies that information can be transmitted from one place to
many places at once to keep people updated on the general and current happenings. Telegraph is
another tool for telecommunication which utilizes the telegraph technology.
The internet helps in sending and receiving of information in various modes. This has
proven to be an effective channel of communication falling under the telecommunication
industry. The chartrooms present in the internet and message boards allows from
communication. The uses of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) helps in linking the documents
to ensure that the users get access to the web pages containing the information wanted.
Telecommunication has also depicts its importance in communication industry by the emergence
Running Head: Telecommunication Principle
of the facsimile machine in which it improve the mode of sending and receiving messages
(Information Resources Management Association 2010).2
Benefits of telecommunication services
Telecommunication services have proved to be beneficial since it has helped improve
communication networks. Teleconferencing can be done without the need for one to attend the
venue of the meeting. Moreover, telecommunication has enhanced team collaboration since it
enables communication on a regular basis that allows for regular discussion and sharing of ideas.
In this regard, telecom services have enabled access of communication needed to bring
employees together and thus enable one to make progressive ventures.
Consequently, the telecommunication services have increased flexibility in that it had
enabled many people to work from home and make money. Moreover, in the case of need for
training and seminars, telecommunication has enabled this to be done at one's comfort zones. In
2
Goleniewski, L. (2011). Telecommunications essentials. Indianapolis, IN: Addison
Wesley.
Pang, S. (2010). Successful service design for telecommunications: A comprehensive
guide to design and implementation. Chichester, U.K: Wiley.
Information Resources Management Association. (2010). Networking and
telecommunications: Concepts, methodologies, tools, and applications. Hershey, PA:
Information Science Reference.
Running Head: Telecommunication Principle
addition, telecommunication services have enabled the organizations to offer premier services to
customers. This is because, using telephones; customers will call the organizations and provide
the instant gratification of the products and services offered and what exactly the customer want.
This communication between the organization and the customer helps in reinforcing the brand
and strengthen the relationship between the customer and the organization (International
Telecommunication Union 2013).
Devices and software’s used in telecommunications
A device strongly used in telecommunications is a CPE hardware in which it is located at
home or the business of the user. This device includes a cable or a satellite television set boxes
and a digital subscriber line or any more it kind of a broadband at this moment. The telephone
handsets and any other customized hardware that is used by the service providers. These CPE
devices are owned mainly by the telecommunication services providers and it helps them to give
best choices for customers wishing to purchase modems and routers.
In most fundamental form, this telecommunication system includes a transmitter that is
used in the conversion of information to a signal for transmission. It also encompasses a medium
in which this signal will pass trough. The main basic components of the telecommunication
system are the input and output devices which sometimes often referred to as the terminals. This
acts as a starting and stopping points for all points of communication. In addition, the
communication that involves the cables and wireless radio frequencies act as the transmitter and
receivers of data.
Consequently, it entails processors that help in the precision of a number of control and
support functions. For instance, the need for data to be converted from analog to digital is
Running Head: Telecommunication Principle
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achieved by this processor functions. Control software in the system helps in controlling the
functionality of all the activities of the system. In addition, the protocols present the system with
how each of the messages in the network should be handled (Calder & International Workshop
on Feature Interactions in Telecommunications and Software Systems 2000).
Who is using telecommunication systems
Telecommunications systems have various users. It can be used by individuals for
communication with many other people. It is equivalent to the pen pals and is termed as key pals.
Moreover, agencies such as meteorological organizations use this system to carry out their
weather investigation tasks. The scientists as well use this system to share their mathematical
mysteries. Moreover, the writers use it to share their writing stories. The government used them
in their activities to ensure the smooth running of its organizations. Businesses as well utilize the
advantages of this system to maximize their profits since it leads to efficiencies. These systems
are readily available in shops. Mostly, it is provided by the companies dealing with the
telecommunication devices.
3
International Telecommunication Union. (2013). Telecommunications for development.
Genève, Switzerland: General Secretariat of the International Telecommunication Union.
Calder, M., Magill, E., International Workshop on Feature Interactions in
Telecommunications and Software Systems, & International Workshop on Feature Interactions
in Telecommunications and Software Systems. (2000). Feature interactions in
telecommunications and software systems VI. Amsterdam [u.a.: IOS Press [u.a..
Running Head: Telecommunication Principle
Telecommunications has also been found to play a major role in courts where cases are
being decided by the judges. Telecommunication gadgets have proved to ease everything from
tasks and investigations. For the security personnel, they are able to track a person who is alleged
to have committed an offense and arrest that person. Investigations are also used to get what
actually happened. Together with technology, telecommunication industry has helped reduce and
increase the rate of crimes being witnessed every day. It has reduced this crime rates by ensuring
that the surveillance cameras are installed in the streets to monitor what id is happening; this has
been made possible by connecting all the surveillance cameras to a screen in control rooms to be
used in case of any crime arising.
However, this has also led to increasing the rate of crimes due to some factors. With the
emergence of the social Medias, the criminals have devised new ways of committing their
crimes. Basing on the walls of the targets, these criminals will track the targeted whereabouts
and after knowing, they then began to communicate to the other crime partners on the locations
of the targeted victim on which crime is to be done.
How the telecommunication service providers makes profits
The telecommunication services providers make profit by converting the raw intangible
into the institutional skills and patents. Moreover, developing new brands and software being on
the intellectual capital raises the gain being made by the company. This has been found to be true
since the intangibles are true capital and, in essence, deliver cash returns. In addition, advertising
and attracting many customers that in turn lead to an increase in sales volume of these companies
also increase the gains they make (Tsui & Lau 2012).
Running Head: Telecommunication Principle
Costs associated with telecommunication industry4
The industry of the telecommunication is a capital intensive one. This is because, the
costs associated with it requires an intensive network infrastructure that is needed for provision
of fixed lines and the wireless services. As reported by the United States Telecoms, since the
year 1996, the investment that has been carried out on this company was $1.1 trillion in the
industry alone. This implies that, the rate of competition also is very low due to the high initial
investment cost.
The operating leverage costs have also been found to be high with most costs associated
with the high fixed costs. In acquiring new customers, there will be significant increase in the
company's profitability though also the operations cost will increase proportionally. Losing
customers as well as this will result in a loss with attempt to pursue them to return to the
company requiring a huge amount of operating leverage cost which tends to make the
telecommunication industry to focus on the customer acquisition and retention that is highly
costing (Noumba 2014).
Consequently, the process of upgrading the networks is also costly for the
telecommunication industry. This implies that, extra operating costs can be incurred. This also
means that the telecommunication industries recoup their network investments in the shorter
4
Tsui, A. S., & Lau, C.-M. (2012). The Management of Enterprises in the People's
Republic of China. Boston, MA: Springer US.
Noumba, U. P. (2014). A model for calculating interconnection costs in
telecommunications. Washington, D.C: World Bank.
Running Head: Telecommunication Principle
intervals of the time so as to enable them to redeploy the next upgrading process for the
networks. Due to all this increase in the fixed costs, the company will mature in its industry and
improve profitability by controlling its cash flow and other costs associated.
Running Head: Telecommunication Principle
References
Calder, M., Magill, E., International Workshop on Feature Interactions in
Telecommunications and Software Systems, & International Workshop on Feature Interactions
in Telecommunications and Software Systems. (2000). Feature interactions in
telecommunications and software systems VI. Amsterdam [u.a.: IOS Press [u.a..
Flood, J. E. (2012). Telecommunication networks. London: Inst. of Electrical Engineers.
Goleniewski, L. (2011). Telecommunications essentials. Indianapolis, IN: Addison
Wesley.
Information Resources Management Association. (2010). Networking and
telecommunications: Concepts, methodologies, tools, and applications. Hershey, PA:
Information Science Reference.
In Penttinen, J. T. J. (2015). The telecommunications handbook: Engineering guidelines
for fixed, mobile and satellite systems.
International Telecommunication Union. (2013). Telecommunications for development.
Genève, Switzerland: General Secretariat of the International Telecommunication Union.
Noumba, U. P. (2014). A model for calculating interconnection costs in
telecommunications. Washington, D.C: World Bank.
O'Reilly, J. J. (2014). Telecommunication Principles. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
Pang, S. (2010). Successful service design for telecommunications: A comprehensive
guide to design and implementation. Chichester, U.K: Wiley.
Running Head: Telecommunication Principle
Tsui, A. S., & Lau, C.-M. (2012). The Management of Enterprises in the People's
Republic of China. Boston, MA: Springer US.