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Download Exam 1 Study Guide - El Camino College
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CNS Study Guide Cranium bones • 1 frontal • 2 parietal • 1 occipital RTEC 91 & 255 • 2 temporal • 1 sphenoid • 1 ethmoid • Frontal bone – Squamous – Horizontal • Occipital – Foramen magnum • Temporal – Temporomandibular fossa – Petrous portion • Sphenoid – Clinoids – Sella turcica – Dorsum sellae • Ethmoid – Cribriform plate – Crista galli • Sensory or afferent • Motor or efferent • White Matter = Neurons that contain Myelinated (fatty covering) axons • Grey Matter = unmyelinated nurons Meninges of the brain Dura mater – Epidural – Subdural space • Arachnoid – Subarachnoid space • Pia mater • Forebrain – Cerebrum • Midbrain • Hindbrain – Pons – Medulla oblongata • Brainstem – Diencephalon – Cerebellum Cerebrum • Lobes of cerebral hemispheres • Frontal • Occipital • Parietal • Central (insula) • Temporal Cortex • Sulci, gyri • Fissures • Longitudinal • Falx cerebri • Hemispheres • Basal ganglia • Caudate nucleus • Lentiform nucleus • Globus pallidus, putamen • Claustrum • Corpus callosum • Body • Genu • Splenium Diencephalon • Thalamus • Hypothalamus Midbrain Hindbrain • Hindbrain – Pons – Medulla oblongata – Cerebellum Medulla Oblongata • Respiratory center • Cardiac center Cerebellum • Hemispheres • Vermis Brainstem • Midbrain • Pons • Medulla • Cranial nerves Ventricles • Choroid plexus – Blood-brain barrier • Lateral Lateral Ventricle • Interventricular foramen Third Ventricle • Cerebral (sylvian) aqueduct Fourth Ventricle Hydrocephalus Vascular System: Circle of Willis – Posterior communicating arteries – Anterior communicating arteries – Anterior cerebral • Vasomotor center • Third • Fourth – – – – – Middle cerebral Internal carotid Posterior cerebral Basilar Vertebral Facial Bones • 2 maxillae, 2 zygomatic • 2 lacrimal, 2 nasal • 2 nasal conchae, 2 palatine • 1 vomer, 1 mandible • Maxillary bone • Alveolar process • Zygomatic bones • 3 points of attachment • Tripod fracture • Lacrimal bones • Nasal bones • Inferior conchae (turbinates) • Palatine bones • Vomer • Nasal bones Orbit • 7 bones • Roof – frontal • Floor – maxillary, zygomatic • Medial wall – ethmoid, lacrimal • Conical shape of orbit • Blowout fracture • Retina • Rods, cones • Optic nerve • Lens • Lateral wall – zygomatic, sphenoid • Palatine bone Paranasal Sinuses • Maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid • Function • Development • Location Vertebral Column • Body • • Pedicles • • Laminae • • Spinous process • • Transverse processes • • Superior/inferior • articulating processes Atypical Vertebrae • Cervical – Atlas – C1 – Axis – C2 • Odontoid process (dens) – Vertebra prominens – C7 • Thoracic • Sacrum/Coccyx Intervertebral Disk Spinal Cord • Conus medullaris – L1/L2 • Cauda equina • 31 pairs of spinal nerves – Mixed nerves Vertebral (neural) arch Vertebral foramen Vertebral canal Vertebral notch Intervertebral foramina Zygoapophyseal joint Meninges • Dura mater • Arachnoid – Cerebrospinal fluid • Pia mater CT Versus MR Images • MRI – Intervertebral disks – Spinal cord – Ligaments • CT – Vertebrae
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