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Files and Serialization
Files
Used to transfer data to and from secondary storage
Input file
Memory
Output file
Diskette
A Portion of Java’s File Classes
Object
InputStream
FileInputStream
ObjectInputStream
OutputStream
ObjectOutputStream
File
FileOutputStream
These classes are included in the java.io package,
which must be imported into any application that uses
them
Basic Algorithm for File Output
Open an output connection to a file
Write the data to the file
Close the output connection to the file
FileOutputStream
Disk
Files and Exceptions
• Java requires the programmer to catch file
exceptions
• For example, an IOException can be
thrown during at attempt to open a file
try-catch Format
try{
<code that might throw an exception>
}catch(<exception type-1> e){
<code to handle exception of type 1>
}
.
.
catch(<exception type-n> e){
<code to handle exception of type n>
}
The exception thrown by try is matched against the
parameter of each catch in sequence.
Writing Objects to Text Files
Student s = new Student("Ken", 10);
try{
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("student.txt");
PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(fos);
writer.println(s.getName());
writer.println(s.getNumScores());
for (int i = 1; i <= s.getNumScores(); i++)
writer.println(s.getScore(i));
fos.flush();
fos.close();
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("Error in output:" + e.toString());
}
Must agree with input process about format of text file.
Basic Algorithm for File Input
Open an input connection to a file
Read the data from the file and process it
Close the input connection to the file
Disk
FileInputStream
Reading Objects from Text Files
Student s = null;
try{
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("student.txt");
Scanner reader = new Scanner(fis);
String name = reader.nextLine();
int numScores = Integer.parseInt(reader.nextLine());
s = new Student(name, numScores);
for (i = 1; i <= numScores; i++)
s.getScore(Integer.parseInt(reader.nextLine));
fis.close();
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("Error in output:" + e.toString());
}
Must agree with output process about format of text file.
A Simpler Solution: Serialization
• A data model is said to be serialized when it
can be permanently saved on a storage
medium
• Serialization requires file management
• OOP systems support object serialization
Serializing a Data Model
• All classes to be serialized must implement
the Serializable interface
• This interface is defined in the java.io
package
• Many standard java classes are already
serializable
Serializing the Student Class
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Student implements Comparable<Student>,
Serializable{
.
.
}
Many of Java’s data classes are already serializable
All specialized data classes should be made to be serializable
Writing Objects to Object Files
• Create a new instance of
FileOutputStream
• Wrap around this object a new instance of
ObjectOutputStream
• Use the method writeObject to send an
object out on the stream
Writing Objects to Output Files
A file name
new FileOutputStream(<a String>)
new ObjectOutputStream(<a FileOutputStream>)
<an ObjectOutputStream>.writeObject(<any object>)
Writing Objects to Output Files
Student s = new Student("Ken", 10);
try{
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("student.dat");
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
oos.writeObject(s);
fos.flush();
fos.close();
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("Error in output:" + e.toString());
}
Writes the whole Student object to the file without
any fuss.
Reading Objects from Input Files
• Create a new instance of FileInputStream
• Wrap around this object a new instance of
ObjectInputStream
• Use the method readObject to receive an
object from the stream
• Cast the received object to its actual class
Reading Objects from Input Files
A file name
new FileInputStream(<a String>)
new ObjectInputStream(<a FileInputStream>)
(<class name>) <an objectInputStream>.readObject()
Reading Objects from Input Files
Student s;
try{
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("student.dat");
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);
s = (Student) ois.readObject();
fis.close();
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("Error in input:" + e.toString());
}
Reads the whole Student object from the file without
any fuss.
Define a static Method for Input
static public readFromFile(ObjectInputStream ois){
try{
return (Student) ois.readObject();
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("Error in input:" + e.toString());
return null;
}
}
try{
// Open file input stream and object input stream
// while there are more objects to be read
studentList.add(Student.readfromFile(ois));
} catch(Exception e){ …
Alternatively, write and read the entire list!