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Genetics, Lessons 1 and 2 Test – Chapter 12 – Cronin
Part A: Multiple Choice Choose the answer that best fits the question. (1 Point Each)
1. A Punnett square shows you all the ways in which ___ can combine.
a. Alleles
c. C ells
b. Genes
d. Colors
2. Mendel concluded that ___ factors control each inherited trait.
a. 0
c. 2
b. 1
d. 3
3. Kari has two pet rats with black fur. When her rats mated, one of their four offspring had white fur, and the other
three had black fur. Which is most likely true for Kari’s rats?
a. Both parents are homozygous for the white-fur trait, which is recessive.
b. Both parents are heterozygous for the white fur trait, which is recessive.
c. Both parents are heterozygous for the white fur trait, which is dominant.
d. Both parents are heterozygous for the white fur trait, which is sex-linked.
4. If parents have the genotypes RR and Rr, what percentage of the offspring will have a Rr genotype?
a. 25%
c. 75%
b. 50%
d. 100%
5. Blood type in humans is controlled by ___ alleles.
a. 1
c. 3
b. 2
d. 4
6. A heterozygous orange-flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous purple-flowered plant. If orange is dominant to
purple, what color ratio will the flowers of the offspring plant have?
a. 0 orange: 4 purple
c. 2 orange: 2 purple
b. 1 orange: 3 purple
d. 3 orange: 1 purple
7. A recessive trait is observed when ___ recessive genetic factors are present in the offspring.
a. 0
c. 2
b. 1
d. 3
8. Bird A has the genotype ll for bill length, and Bird B is LL. The bills of their offspring would be ___?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Long in 100% of the offspring
Short in 100% of the offspring
Long in 50% of the offspring
Long in 75% of the offspring
Part B: Modified True/False For each of the following statements, decide if it is true or false. If it is false, replace the
underlined word so that the statement is true. (2 Points Each)
1. Recessive traits are seen when alleles are homozygous recessive.
2. In humans, height is determined by multiple alleles.
3. Recessive traits are always shown in an organism’s offspring.
4. Bird A has the genotype ll for bill length, and Bird B is LL. A short bill describes Bird A’s phenotype.
5. When Mendel cross-pollinated two true-breeding pea plants, he received all purple-flowered plants.
Part C: Completion On each line, write the term that correctly completes each sentence. (1 Point/Blank)
1. In a Punnett square, a capital letter stands for a _______________ _______________.
2. Passing of traits from parents to offspring is _______________.
3. Plants that always produce the same traits as their parents when self-pollinated are __________________ plants
4. A _______________ is a visual tool for following a trait through generations of a family.
5. When two of the same alleles are needed to be seen in the offspring’s genotype, those alleles are ______________.
Part D: Punnett Squares Perform the following crosses using a Punnett square. State the expected phenotypic ratio for each
result. (2 Points Each)
1. Tall versus short pea plants: Homozygous tall (TT )and Heterozygous (Tt)
2. Bumpy versus smooth pods: Heterozygous bumpy (Bb) and Homozygous smooth (bb)
3. Round versus wrinkled peas: Two heterozygous parents (Rr and Rr)
4. Axial versus terminal: Homozygous axial (AA) and homozygous terminal (aa)
Part E: Heterozygous/Homozygous Label each of the following genotypes as either heterozygous, homozygous dominant, or
homozygous recessive. (1 Point Each)
1. AA
5. EE
2. bb
6. Ff
3. CC
7. Gg
4. Dd
8. hh
Part F: Short Answer Answer TWO of the following questions in COMPLETE SENTENCES. (3 Points Each)
1. State the reasons why Gregor Mendel used pea plants for his experiments.
2. What does it mean that a plant is true breeding?
3. How do types of dominance affect traits being inherited?
4. You are looking at four tall pea plants. What are their phenotypes and genotypes?
5. If two people are heterozygous for and carry the recessive allele for cystic fibrosis, what are the chances that their
children will have the disease?
6. Suppose you crossed a heterozygous yellow pea plant (Yy) with a homozygous green pea plant (yy). What are the
possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring? Use the Punnett square to compute your answers.
Genetics, Lessons 1 and 2 Test – Chapter 12 – Cronin
Part A: Multiple Choice Choose the answer that best fits the question. (1 Point Each)
1. A Punnett square shows you all the ways in which ___ can combine.
a. Alleles
c. C ells
b. Genes
d. Colors
2. Mendel concluded that ___ factors control each inherited trait.
a. 0
c. 2
b. 1
d. 3
3. Kari has two pet rats with black fur. When her rats mated, one of their four offspring had white fur, and the other
three had black fur. Which is most likely true for Kari’s rats?
a. Both parents are homozygous for the white-fur trait, which is recessive.
b. Both parents are heterozygous for the white fur trait, which is recessive.
c. Both parents are heterozygous for the white fur trait, which is dominant.
d. Both parents are heterozygous for the white fur trait, which is sex-linked.
4. If parents have the genotypes RR and Rr, what percentage of the offspring will have a Rr genotype?
a. 25%
c. 75%
b. 50%
d. 100%
5. Blood type in humans is controlled by ___ alleles.
a. 1
c. 3
b. 2
d. 4
6. A heterozygous orange-flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous purple-flowered plant. If orange is dominant to
purple, what color ratio will the flowers of the offspring plant have?
a. 0 orange: 4 purple
c. 2 orange: 2 purple
b. 1 orange: 3 purple
d. 3 orange: 1 purple
7. A recessive trait is observed when ___ recessive genetic factors are present in the offspring.
a. 0
c. 2
b. 1
d. 3
8. Bird A has the genotype ll for bill length, and Bird B is LL. The bills of their offspring would be ___?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Long in 100% of the offspring
Short in 100% of the offspring
Long in 50% of the offspring
Long in 75% of the offspring
Part B: Modified True/False For each of the following statements, decide if it is true or false. If it is false, replace the
underlined word so that the statement is true. (2 Points Each)
1. Recessive alleles are seen when a trait is homozygous recessive. True
2. In humans, height is determined by multiple alleles. False, genes
3. Recessive alleles are always shown in an organism’s offspring. False, dominant
4. Bird A has the genotype ll for bill length, and Bird B is LL. A short bill describes Bird A’s phenotype. True
5. When Mendel cross-pollinated two true-breeding pea plants plants, he received all purple-flowered plants. True
Part C: Completion On each line, write the term that correctly completes each sentence. (1 Point/Blank)
1. In a Punnett square, a capital letter stands for a ______dominant_________ _______trait________.
2. Passing of traits from parents to offspring is ________heredity_______.
3. Plants that always produce the same traits as their parents when they are self-polinated are ____truebreeding___________ plants
4. A ______pedigree_________ is a visual tool for following a trait through generations of a family.
5. When two of the same alleles are needed to be seen in the offspring’s genotype, those alleles are
______recessive_________.
Part D: Punnett Squares Perform the following crosses using a Punnett square. State the expected phenotypic ratio for each
result.
1. Tall versus short pea plants: Homozygous tall (TT )and Heterozygous (Tt) Punnett square results should be 2 TT and 2
Tt. Phenotypic ratio 4 tall: 0 Short
2. Bumpy versus smooth pods: Heterozygous bumpy (Bb) and Homozygous smooth (bb) Punnett square results should
be 2 Bb and 2 bb. Phenotypic ratio 1 bumpy: 1 smooth
3. Round versus wrinkled peas: Two heterozygous parents (Rr and Rr) Punnett square results should be 2 Rr, 1 RR, and
1 rr. Phenotypic ratio, 3 round: 1 wrinkled
4. Axial versus terminal: Homozygous axial (AA) and homozygous terminal (aa) Punnett square results should be all Aa.
Phenotypic ration 4 axial: 0 terminal
Part E: Heterozygous/Homozygous Label each of the following genotypes as either heterozygous, homozygous dominant, or
homozygous recessive. (1 Point Each)
1. AA hom dom
5. EE hom dom
2. bb hom rec
6. Ff hetero
3. CC hom dom
7. Gg hetero
4. Dd hetero
8. Hh hom rec
Part F: Short Answer Answer TWO of the following questions in COMPLETE SENTENCES. (3 Points Each)
1. State the reasons why Gregor Mendel used pea plants for his experiments.
They reproduce quickly, they have easily observable traits, and he could control which pairs of plants reproduced.
2. What does it mean that a plant is true breeding?
A true-breeding plant always produces offspring identical to the parent when it self-pollinates.
3. How do types of dominance affect traits being inherited?
Incomplete dominanceallows blending of traits and codominance allows both traits to be seen.
4. You are looking at four tall pea plants. What are their phenotypes and genotypes?
The phenotypes are tall and you cannot tell the genotypes by looking alone but they could be either Tt or TT.
5. If two people are heterozygous for cystic fibrosis, what are the chances that their children will have the disease?
The chances are 1 in 4 that their children will inherit both recessive genes and have cystic fibrosis.
6. Suppose you crossed a heterozygous yellow pea plant (Yy) with a homozygous green pea plant (yy). What are the
possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring? Use the Punnett square to compute your answers.
Possible genotypes: Yy, yy; possible phenotypes: yellow, green