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Chapter 43
The Cells of the Nervous System
THEMES AND OBJECTIVES
The following is a list of the main themes covered in this chapter and some study objectives. As
you study, focus on these areas. Understand how the information you study fits into these themes
and how these themes relate to each other. Be sure you master each objective before moving on.
1. The nervous system consists of neurons that transport impulses and glial cells that support the
neurons.
 Discuss the structure of a typical neuron and the functions of its parts.
 Explain the roles of various types of glial cells.
 Discuss the role of myelin and how it affects impulse transmission.
2. Neurons convey information in the form of an action potential.
 Thoroughly discuss the membrane potential.
 Explain threshold stimulus.
 Discuss generation and transmission of an action potential.
3. Neurons communicate with other neurons at synapses, and with muscle cells at
neuromuscular junctions.
 Differentiate between chemical and electrical synapses.
 Discuss the events that occur at a chemical synapse, including the role of
neurotransmitters.
 Explain how EPSPs and IPSPs are generated. Explain the roles other chemicals can play
at neural synapses.