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Database: Ovid MEDLINE(R) <2006 to March Week 3 2010>
Search Strategy:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 exp *kidney diseases/ (38779)
2 exp *analgesics/tu (7438)
3 1 and 2 (130)
4 limit 3 to (english language and "review articles" and humans) (18)
5 from 4 keep 1,4-5 (3)
6 4 not 5 (15)
7 *kidney diseases/ and 2 (23)
8 limit 7 to (english language and humans) (12)
9 6 or 8 (26)
10 from 9 keep 1-26 (26)
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<1>
Unique Identifier
19589565
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Phillips E. Hinck B. Pedro R. Makhlouf A. Kriedberg C. Hendlin K. Monga M.
Authors Full Name
Phillips, Elizabeth. Hinck, Bryan. Pedro, Renato. Makhlouf, Antoine. Kriedberg, Carly.
Hendlin, Kari. Monga, Manoj.
Institution
Department of Urologic Surgery, University of Minnesota and VAHCS Minneapolis,
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
Title
Celecoxib in the management of acute renal colic: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
Source
Urology. 74(5):994-9, 2009 Nov.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of celecoxib as an analgesic and medical expulsive agent
in acute renal colic. METHODS: A prospective randomized double-blind study was conducted on
patients presenting with an obstructing ureteral calculus < 10 mm in largest diameter. Patients
were randomized to 400 mg of celecoxib, followed by 200 mg every 12 hours for 10 days, or to
placebo. Patients with a solitary kidney, renal insufficiency (CR > 1.8), urinary tract infection, or
significant cardiovascular disease were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 57 patients provided
consent of which 53 completed the study. Four patients were excluded from the analysis because
of stone passage or withdrawal of consent before the first dose of study medication. No significant
difference was noted in the spontaneous stone passage rate (celecoxib 55.2%, placebo 54.2%) and
between celecoxib and placebo with regard to days to stone passage (7.0 vs 9.0, P = .6) or size of
stone passed (3.9 vs 4.6 mm, P = .18). No significant difference was noted in pain analog scores
(2.6 vs 3.5, P = .71) or narcotic doses (13.2 vs 13.6, P = .74). Furthermore, a 25% decrease in
narcotic use (or 19 mg based on placebo mean) was outside the 80% one-sided confidence
interval for the change in mean narcotic use between the 2 groups. Thus, it is unlikely (< 20%)
that we missed a clinically significant beneficial effect of celecoxib on narcotic consumption
because of sample size. CONCLUSIONS: Celecoxib does not facilitate stone passage or decrease
narcotic requirements in patients with acute renal colic.
Publication Type
Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
<2>
Unique Identifier
19546865
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Biswas S. Eisen T.
Authors Full Name
Biswas, Swethajit. Eisen, Tim.
Institution
Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Title
Immunotherapeutic strategies in kidney cancer--when TKIs are not enough. [Review] [95 refs]
Source
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology. 6(8):478-87, 2009 Aug.
Abstract
FDA approval of the multitargeted, antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) sunitinib
and sorafenib, and the serine and threonine mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor,
temsirolimus, has revolutionized the management of metastatic clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma
(CC-RCC). The inability of these targeted therapies to provide durable complete responses,
however, is a serious limiting factor to their clinical usefulness. Although immunotherapeutic
approaches in advanced disease are increasingly regarded as a historical treatment paradigm, we
propose that a fundamental understanding of immunobiology in CC-RCC can improve the
selection of patients for high-dose intravenous interleukin 2 and facilitate the development of
novel immunotherapeutic strategies. In our opinion, immunotherapeutic strategies have an
important place in the management of advanced CC-RCC in the era of biological targeted
therapy. [References: 95]
Publication Type
Journal Article. Review.
<3>
Unique Identifier
19371551
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Eken C. Durmaz D. Erol B.
Authors Full Name
Eken, Cenker. Durmaz, Dilek. Erol, Bulent.
Institution
Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Department of Emergency Medicine, 07059,
Antalya/Turkey. [email protected]
Title
Successful treatment of a persistent renal colic with trigger point injection.
Source
American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 27(2):252.e3-4, 2009 Feb.
Abstract
Renal colic is one of the painful conditions in emergency medicine practice. Opiates and
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the cornerstone of pain management in renal colic.
However, alternative procedures should be considered in patients refractory to conventional
therapies. We present a case of renal colic successfully treated by trigger point injection that was
refractory to 150 microg fentanyl and 5 mg morphine.
Publication Type
Case Reports. Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
<4>
Unique Identifier
18727615
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Uzoh CC. Kumar V. Timoney AG.
Authors Full Name
Uzoh, Christopher C. Kumar, Vivekanandan. Timoney, Anthony G.
Institution
Department of Urology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK. [email protected]
Title
The use of capsaicin in loin pain-haematuria syndrome.
Source
BJU International. 103(2):236-9, 2009 Jan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To highlight the implications of the use of capsaicin in managing loin painhaematuria syndrome (LPHS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between February 2002 and
February 2007, three patients (one male and two females; mean age 31.7 years) with LPHS were
managed with capsaicin and followed up for a period of 8-48 months. All were diagnosed with
LPHS after negative urological investigations including urine culture, urine cytology, renal tract
ultrasonography, intravenous urography and flexible cystoscopy; and nephrological work-ups
including normal blood pressure measurements, creatinine clearance, urinary protein estimation
and serum urea/creatinine. Five original papers were reviewed in detail for this article. Including
our own experience, a total of 52 (including five bilateral) cases of LPHS treated with capsaicin
are reviewed. RESULTS: Our patients received a total of four capsaicin instillations producing
an average duration of pain relief per instillation of 17 weeks. There was evidence of renal
deterioration in one, while another had worsened symptoms. The third patient continued his pain
management within the pain clinic. The former two patients eventually underwent nephrectomy
for poor function and extreme symptoms. CONCLUSION: Intrarenal capsaicin at best produces
only short-term pain relief in more than half of patients with LPHS. It produces significant sideeffects, i.e. UTI, bladder pain, and in up to half of patients, deteriorating symptoms. Further loss
of functional renal tissue and a nephrectomy rate of 20-67% should be weighed against the
benefits. We have therefore abandoned its use in treating LPHS or renal pain, and recommend
that patients should be adequately counselled on its potential side-effects, including
nephrotoxicity and increased nephrectomy rate.
Publication Type
Case Reports. Journal Article.
<5>
Unique Identifier
19273566
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Douglas C. Murtagh FE. Chambers EJ. Howse M. Ellershaw J.
Authors Full Name
Douglas, C. Murtagh, F E M. Chambers, E J. Howse, M. Ellershaw, J.
Institution
Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK. [email protected]
Title
Symptom management for the adult patient dying with advanced chronic kidney disease: a
review of the literature and development of evidence-based guidelines by a United Kingdom
Expert Consensus Group. [Review] [60 refs]
Source
Palliative Medicine. 23(2):103-10, 2009 Mar.
Abstract
Improvement in end-of-life-care is required for patients dying with chronic kidney disease
(CKD). The UK government now recommends that tools such as the Liverpool Care Pathway for
the Dying Patient (LCP) be used to enhance the care of those patients dying with CKD. The LCP
was originally developed for patients dying with terminal cancer, however has been shown to be
transferable to patients dying with heart failure or stroke. On this background, in 2005 a UK
National Renal LCP Steering Group was formed. The aim was to determine whether or not the
generic LCP was transferable to patients dying with CKD. An Expert Consensus sub-group was
established to produce evidence-based prescribing guidelines to allow safe and effective symptom
control for patients dying with renal failure. These guidelines were finalised by the Expert
Consensus group in August 2007 and endorsed by the Department of Health in March 2008. A
literature search on symptom control and end-of-life care in renal failure was performed. A
summary of the evidence was presented at a National Steering Group meeting. Opinions were
given and provisional guidelines discussed. A first draft was produced and individually reviewed
by all members of the Expert Group. Following review, amendments were made and a second
draft written. This was presented to the entire National Steering Group and again individual
comments were taken into consideration. A third and fourth draft were written and individually
reviewed, before the guidelines were finalised by the Expert Consensus group. Patients dying
with advanced CKD suffer symptoms similar to patients dying of cancer. The Renal LCP
prescribing guidelines aim to control the same symptoms as the generic LCP: pain, dyspnoea,
terminal restlessness and agitation, nausea and respiratory tract secretions. The evidence for the
production of the guidelines is discussed and how a consensus was reached. A summary of the
guidelines is given and the complete guidelines document is available via the Marie Curie
Palliative Care Institute, Liverpool website. [References: 60]
Publication Type
Consensus Development Conference. Journal Article. Practice Guideline. Review.
<6>
Unique Identifier
18796350
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Bodnar L. Wcislo G. Gasowska-Bodnar A. Synowiec A. Szarlej-Wcislo K. Szczylik C.
Authors Full Name
Bodnar, Lubomir. Wcislo, Gabriel. Gasowska-Bodnar, Agnieszka. Synowiec, Agnieszka.
Szarlej-Wcislo, Katarzyna. Szczylik, Cezary.
Institution
Department of Oncology, Military Institute of The Health Services, Warsaw, Poland.
[email protected]
Title
Renal protection with magnesium subcarbonate and magnesium sulphate in patients with
epithelial ovarian cancer after cisplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy: a randomised phase II
study.
Source
European Journal of Cancer. 44(17):2608-14, 2008 Nov.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of magnesium
supplementation on nephrotoxicity accompanying standard cisplatin-based chemotherapy in
patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A double-blind,
placebo-controlled, randomised study was conducted in which study arm magnesium sulphate (5
g) was administered before each course of standard chemotherapy with paclitaxel (135
mg/m(2)/24 h) plus cisplatin (75 mg/m(2)) every 3 weeks in patients with EOC. Magnesium
subcarbonate (500 mg), three times per day orally, was administered during the treatment
intervals. The control arm was administered a placebo instead of both magnesium salts.
Magnesium serum levels (sMg) and GFR markers: serum levels of creatinine (sCr), CockroftGault (ClCG) and Modification Diet of Renal Disease (MDRD) formulae were recorded before
each cycle, and 3 weeks after the sixth course. RESULTS: 41 EOC patients were randomised and
40 were eligible. sMg varied significantly between the supplemented and placebo groups
(p<0.0001). The control group showed a significantly greater decrease of GFR assessed by: sCr
(p=0.0069), ClCG (p=0.0077) and MDRD (p=0.032) formulae compared with the magnesium
supplemented group. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the nephroprotective effect of
magnesium supplementation during chemotherapy with cisplatin.
Publication Type
Clinical Trial, Phase II. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial. Research Support,
Non-U.S. Gov't.
<7>
Unique Identifier
17899475
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Engeler DS. Schmid S. Schmid HP.
Authors Full Name
Engeler, D S. Schmid, S. Schmid, H P.
Institution
Klinik fur Urologie, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland. [email protected]
Title
The ideal analgesic treatment for acute renal colic--theory and practice.
Source
Scandinavian Journal of Urology & Nephrology. 42(2):137-42, 2008.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: With an annual incidence of 0.1-0.4%, renal colic is certainly a frequent
disorder. Thanks to recent findings, the approach to treatment is changing. This prompted us to
conduct a survey amongst all urologists in Switzerland regarding the analgesic measures they use
in patients suffering from acute renal colic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In March 2005, we
sent a total of 170 questionnaires to all practising urologists who are also members of the Swiss
Urology Society. The questions covered the types of drugs used for first- and second-line
analgesic therapy in acute renal colic and the approach to acute and follow-up analgesic therapy.
Dosage adjustments in patients with renal failure were also included. The responses were
compared with recent literature findings and international guidelines. RESULTS: The response
rate was 58%. Non-opioid analgesics are used for first-line therapy by 81% of respondents, with
metamizol being used in 64% of cases. First-line therapy is given intravenously in 65% of cases.
An opioid (pethidine) is used most frequently as acute second-line therapy (74% of cases). In the
presence of renal failure, half of the respondents make a dose adjustment to the analgesic.
Follow-up therapy consists mainly of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (75%). This
complies with the literature and with the recommendations of the European Association of
Urology. CONCLUSION: First-line therapy for acute renal colic should consist of a non-opioid
analgesic, and only if the response to this is inadequate should opioids then be used.
Publication Type
Comparative Study. Journal Article.
<8>
Unique Identifier
18430120
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Signoretti S. Regan M. Atkins M.
Authors Full Name
Signoretti, Sabina. Regan, Meredith. Atkins, Michael.
Institution
Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
MA 02115, USA. [email protected]
Title
Carbonic anhydrase IX as a predictive biomarker of response to kidney cancer therapy.
[Review] [36 refs]
Source
BJU International. 101 Suppl 4:31-5, 2008 Jun.
Publication Type
Journal Article. Review.
<9>
Unique Identifier
18430119
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Shuch B. Li Z. Belldegrun AS.
Authors Full Name
Shuch, Brian. Li, Zhenhua. Belldegrun, Arie S.
Institution
David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles,
CA 90095-1738, USA.
Title
Carbonic anhydrase IX and renal cell carcinoma: prognosis, response to systemic therapy, and
future vaccine strategies. [Review] [55 refs]
Source
BJU International. 101 Suppl 4:25-30, 2008 Jun.
Publication Type
Journal Article. Review.
<10>
Unique Identifier
18279450
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Gore ME. De Mulder P.
Authors Full Name
Gore, Martin E. De Mulder, Pieter.
Institution
Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
Title
Establishing the role of cytokine therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma. [Review] [54 refs]
Source
BJU International. 101(9):1063-70, 2008 May.
Abstract
Tribute to Professor Pieter De Mulder, from Martin Gore. Pieter and I were often pitted against
each other in debates at international meetings on the role of cytokine therapy. The truth is that
there was little disagreement between us, but we both thought such set pieces were a good way to
highlight the issues surrounding the use of cytokines. He wanted our true joint view to be put on
record, and the result is this article. Pieter himself suffered from kidney cancer for many years
and he died in April as we were putting the finishing touches to this manuscript. Pieter was a
remarkable man in so many ways. He was a physician of great compassion, immense intellect,
utter integrity and unshakeable scientific rigor. These qualities meant that his perspective on
many clinical controversies was in great demand internationally. The European oncology
community has lost one of its giants and I, a dear friend. This manuscript is dedicated to the
memory of Professor Pieter de Mulder. [References: 54]
Publication Type
Journal Article. Review.
<11>
Unique Identifier
17970642
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Giannitsas K. Konstantinopoulos A. Perimenis P.
Authors Full Name
Giannitsas, Konstantinos. Konstantinopoulos, Agelis. Perimenis, Petros.
Institution
University Hospital, Department of Urology, Patras, Greece.
Title
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of genitourinary malignancies: focus on
clinical data. [Review] [72 refs]
Source
Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 16(11):1841-9, 2007 Nov.
Abstract
The antitumour activity of NSAIDs in preclinical trials has lead to their evaluation in the
management of various malignancies in humans. Evidence regarding their use in the treatment
of genitourinary tumours is reviewed here, focusing primarily on clinical data. The majority of
available evidence comes from meeting abstracts and only a few published manuscripts were
detected. The efficacy of selective COX-2 inhibitors, a subcategory of anti-inflammatory drugs, is
promising in prostate cancer, in either biochemical recurrence after initial treatment or
advanced disease. This does not seem to be the case for renal tumours in which efficacy in the
advanced disease setting is not satisfactory. Despite the well-documented rationale for the
application of NSAIDs in bladder cancer management, clinical evidence is not available. More
studies are needed to assess the efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents in bladder cancer treatment
and further clarify their therapeutic benefit in patients with prostate cancer, in which initial
results are encouraging. [References: 72]
Publication Type
Journal Article. Review.
<12>
Unique Identifier
17844723
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Murtagh FE. Chai MO. Donohoe P. Edmonds PM. Higginson IJ.
Authors Full Name
Murtagh, Fliss E M. Chai, Mee-Onn. Donohoe, Paul. Edmonds, Polly M. Higginson, Irene J.
Institution
Department of Palliative Care & Policy, Kings College, London. [email protected]
Title
The use of opioid analgesia in end-stage renal disease patients managed without dialysis:
recommendations for practice. [Review] [89 refs]
Source
Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy. 21(2):5-16, 2007.
Abstract
The numbers of patients dying with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), particularly those managed
conservatively (without dialysis) or withdrawing from dialysis is increasing rapidly in developed
countries. There is growing awareness of the extensive symptom control needs of these patients.
Pain is a common problem, and has been both under-recognized and under-treated. It is
challenging to manage, largely because of the constraints very poor renal function places on use
of medication. Although pharmacological reviews of opioid use in renal failure have been
published, there is a need for clinical recommendations to aid palliative and renal specialists in
providing effective pain control. This review describes the pharmacological evidence for and
against the use of the different opioid medications, and translates this into clinical
recommendations for ESRD patients managed conservatively, not for those on dialysis for whom
there are different pharmacological considerations. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is
recommended at Step 1 of the World Health Organization ladder. Of the Step 2 analgesics,
tramadol is the least problematic, although dose reduction and increased dosing interval are
required, and caution should be exercised. Of the Step 3 analgesics, fentanyl, alfentanil and
methadone are recommended. There is limited evidence for buprenorphine, although theoretical
reasons why it may be a good choice for these patients. Hydromorphone and oxycodone cannot
be recommended because of extremely limited evidence, although each is likely a better choice
than morphine or diamorphine. Morphine and diamorphine themselves are not recommended
because of known accumulation of potentially toxic metabolites. [References: 89]
Publication Type
Journal Article. Review.
<13>
Unique Identifier
17571256
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Sanchez-Carpena J. Dominguez-Hervella F. Garcia I. Gene E. Bugarin R. Martin A. TomasVecina S. Garcia D. Serrano JA. Roman A. Marine M. Mosteiro ML. Dexketoprofen Renal
Colic Study Group.
Authors Full Name
Sanchez-Carpena, Juan. Dominguez-Hervella, Fermin. Garcia, Ignasi. Gene, Emili. Bugarin,
Rosendo. Martin, Angel. Tomas-Vecina, Santiago. Garcia, Dolors. Serrano, Jose Antonio.
Roman, Antonio. Marine, Miguel. Mosteiro, Maria Luisa. Dexketoprofen Renal Colic Study
Group.
Institution
Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain.
[email protected]
Title
Comparison of intravenous dexketoprofen and dipyrone in acute renal colic.
Source
European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 63(8):751-60, 2007 Aug.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a single intravenous
(i.v.) bolus of dexketoprofen trometamol compared with an i.v. infusion of dipyrone in patients
with moderate to severe pain due to renal colic. METHODS: A total of 308 patients with renal
colic and visual analog scale (VAS) score >/=40 mm participated in a multicenter, randomized,
double blind, double-dummy, parallel, and active-controlled study and were randomized to
dexketoprofen 25 mg (n = 101), dexketoprofen 50 mg (n = 104), and dipyrone 2 g (n = 103).
RESULTS: Mean [+/- standard deviation (SD)] total pain relief (TOTPAR) scores were similar
in the dexketoprofen 50 mg (15.3 +/- 8.6) and dipyrone (15.5 +/- 8.6) and slighly higher than in
dexketoprofen 25 mg (13.5 +/- 8.6), although significant differences were not achieved. In the
same way, patients in the dexketoprofen 50 mg and dipyrone groups showed higher scores in the
sum of pain intensity differences (SPID) and the sum of analogue pain intensity differences
(SAPID) than patients in the dexketoprofen 25 mg group, reaching statistical significance in
comparison with dexketoprofen 25 mg and dipyrone for SPID and SAPID (p < 0.05). The timeeffect course for pain intensity differences and pain relief showed significantly higher values for
both doses of dexketoprofen during the first 30 min after drug administration (p < 0.05).
Dexketoprofen 50 mg and dipyrone groups had 66% and 70%, respectively, of patients with at
least 50% of maximum obtainable TOTPAR in comparison with 56% in the dexketoprofen 25
mg group. The study medications were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Dexketoprofen 50 mg
administered as a single i.v. bolus was effective for the relief of moderate to severe pain in
patients with renal colic, with a good safety profile and efficacy similar to i.v. dipyrone 2 g.
Dexketoprofen produced analgesia that was faster in onset.
Publication Type
Comparative Study. Journal Article. Multicenter Study. Randomized Controlled Trial.
<14>
Unique Identifier
17370094
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Paredes A.
Authors Full Name
Paredes, Ana.
Title
Can mycophenolate mofetil substitute cyclophosphamide treatment of pediatric lupus
nephritis?. [Review] [20 refs]
Source
Pediatric Nephrology. 22(8):1077-82, 2007 Aug.
Abstract
Intravenous cyclophosphamide (CYC) has been the standard of care to induce remission of
severe and active lupus nephritis for more than 20 years. Potential side effects are significant,
and failure to achieve remission is still high. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has emerged as a
potential alternative to CYC, with an improved safety profile thus far. Results of two mayor
randomized controlled trials in adults indicate no evidence of inferiority in patients treated with
MMF, less adverse events, and higher rate of complete remission. Experience in the pediatric
population is very limited. Thus far, the efficacy, toxicity, and tolerability record of MMF in
adults makes it an acceptable alternative to CYC in the induction phase of treatment. Early
treatment is desired. Several questions remain: the optimal dose and length of induction with
MMF are unknown, the effect of MMF in severe cases of lupus nephritis with renal failure at
presentation is unknown, and the compliance with long-term oral treatment in the adolescent
population is certainly unknown. In this review, intravenous (IV) CYC induction in the sickest
patients (renal failure at presentation) is considered and/or when compliance with oral treatment
cannot be established. Also, MMF induction in reliable patients with mostly preserved renal
function is considered. Most likely, MMF will serve as a therapeutic bridge between the
previously well-known, broad-spectrum immunosuppressive drugs and the new, targeted
biological agents. [References: 20]
Publication Type
Comparative Study. Editorial. Review.
<15>
Unique Identifier
17495435
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Kawamura T.
Authors Full Name
Kawamura, Tetsuya.
Institution
Department of Medicine, Division of Kidney and Hypertension, Jikei University School of
Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Title
Treatment of IgA nephropathy: corticosteroids, tonsillectomy, and mycophenolate mofetil.
[Review] [16 refs]
Source
Contributions to Nephrology. 157:37-43, 2007.
Abstract
Previous studies exploring the potential of glucocorticoid therapy on proteinuria and renal
survival of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) indicate that corticosteroid therapy is
recommended if the patients show a moderate degree of proteinuria and their creatinine
clearance exceeds 70 ml/min, although these studies, most of which are not prospective or
randomized, have not provided conclusive results. Recently, Pozzi et al. demonstrated that
treatment with glucocorticoids for 6 months significantly improved renal survival and
proteinuria for 10 years of follow-up. A recent meta-analysis by Samuels et al. supports the use of
corticosteroids in reducing proteinuria and preventing progression to end-stage renal disease.
Increasing attention has been drawn to the role of tonsillectomy in the longterm prognosis of
IgAN. The notion that tonsillectomy not only helps to prevent episodic macroscopic hematuria in
the short-term but also gives long-term renal protection in IgAN is supported by two large
retrospective studies from Japan. A study of 329 patients with IgAN by Hotta et al. found that
tonsillectomy plus high-dose methylprednisolone was identified as one of the independent
variables in predicting remission of clinical findings and lack of renal progression. Moreover, Xie
et al. have reported that, for 20 years of follow-up, renal survival was significantly better in IgAN
patients who underwent tonsillectomy than those who did not undergo the procedure. However,
the role of tonsillectomy in the long-term prognosis of IgAN remains unclear, since it has not yet
been tested in a controlled randomized trial. The role of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in IgAN
has been examined in four major trials. Two prospective randomized studies report no benefit
from MMF. The remaining two studies showed a greater reduction of proteinuria in patients
treated with MMF compared to prednisone or placebo. In both studies, however, MMF did not
effectively modify the progressive course of the disease. Thus, despite promising results in large
randomized controlled trials in lupus nephritis, the evidence for the use of MMF in IgAN is
inconclusive. [References: 16]
Publication Type
Journal Article. Review.
<16>
Unique Identifier
17441929
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Turner JS. Cheung EM. George J. Quinn DI.
Authors Full Name
Turner, Jeffrey S. Cheung, Eric M. George, Jaya. Quinn, David I.
Institution
Kenneth J. Norris Jr Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Title
Pain management, supportive and palliative care in patients with renal cell carcinoma. [Review]
[106 refs]
Source
BJU International. 99(5 Pt B):1305-12, 2007 May.
Publication Type
Journal Article. Review.
<17>
Unique Identifier
17255299
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
McDermott DF.
Authors Full Name
McDermott, David F.
Institution
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
[email protected]
Title
Update on the application of interleukin-2 in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. [Review] [28
refs]
Source
Clinical Cancer Research. 13(2 Pt 2):716s-720s, 2007 Jan 15.
Abstract
High-dose bolus interleukin 2 (IL-2) was granted Food and Drug Administration approval
based on its ability to produce durable complete responses in a small number of patients with
metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Results from randomized phase 3 trials suggest that regimens
involving lower doses of IL-2, either alone or in combination with IFN, produce fewer tumor
regressions of less overall quality. Given the toxicity, expense, and limited efficacy of this
treatment, recent studies have focused on identifying predictors of response (or resistance) to IL2 therapy. This year, investigators launched a clinical trial designed to prospectively determine if
patients who are more likely to respond to high-dose IL-2 can be identified before starting
therapy. As the list of effective therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma grows,
improvements in patient selection will be necessary to ensure that patients who might attain a
durable remission with IL-2 will not miss this opportunity. [References: 28]
Publication Type
Journal Article. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural. Review.
<18>
Unique Identifier
17206893
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Mortelmans LJ. Desruelles D. Baert JA. Hente KR. Tailly GG.
Authors Full Name
Mortelmans, Luc J M. Desruelles, Didier. Baert, Joost A. Hente, K Robert. Tailly, Geert G.
Institution
Department of Emergency Medicine, AZ KLINA, Brasschaat, Belgium.
[email protected]
Title
Use of tramadol drip in controlling renal colic pain.
Source
Journal of Endourology. 20(12):1010-5, 2006 Dec.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although the continuous perfusion of antispasmodic drugs
has been the traditional mainstay in the treatment of renal colic, the results more often than not
are unsatisfactory. Our hypothesis was that a continuous intravenous (IV) drip of tramadol
would be an effective and safe alternative. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective
study, 300 patients with renal colic were randomized into four treatment groups, single blind for
the patients. At the start, all received an anti-inflammatory drug intramuscularly and an
antiemetic and antispasmodic IV. Group A was given the classical IV antispasmodic perfusion
combined with a sham drip. Group B received the classical antispasmodic perfusion in
combination with a tramadol drip. Group C had a sham perfusion and drip. Group D received a
sham perfusion and tramadol drip. There was no significant difference in the degree of pain
between the groups on a visual analog scale (VAS) at the start. The pain was scored again on the
VAS at 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 4 hours after the start of the treatment and at IV urography.
Side effects, as well as the need for rescue medication, were registered. RESULTS: Both
tramadol groups scored significantly better after 60 and 240 minutes and during IV urography
(P < 0.005). There was a significant decrease in VAS in group B after 30 minutes. The tramadol
groups needed significantly less rescue medication (P = 0.001). There was no significant
difference in the reported side effects. The combination spasmolytic-tramadol drip scored the
best, although the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: We consider our
hypothesis proved that a continuous tramadol drip is a safe and valuable analgesic regimen in
renal colic.
Publication Type
Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial.
<19>
Unique Identifier
17190690
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Srinivasjois RM. Nathan EA. Doherty DA. Patole SK.
Authors Full Name
Srinivasjois, R M. Nathan, E A. Doherty, D A. Patole, S K.
Institution
Department of Neonatal Paediatrics, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Perth,
Australia.
Title
Renal impairment associated with indomethacin treatment for patent ductus arteriosus in
extremely preterm neonates--is postnatal age at start of treatment important?.
Source
Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 19(12):793-9, 2006 Dec.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To study serum creatinine (SCr) levels following indomethacin for patent ductus
arteriosus (PDA) closure in extremely preterm neonates in relation to postnatal age at the start of
treatment. METHODS: This was a retrospective (January 2000-December 2002) analysis of data
on preterm neonates (gestation <29 weeks) who received indomethacin for PDA. Pre-existing
renal malformation and/or impairment and high serum levels of nephrotoxic drugs were criteria
for exclusion. RESULTS: Indomethacin was commenced at postnatal age <7 days and >or=7
days in 60 (group 1) and 30 (group 2) neonates, respectively. The median (Q1, Q3) gestational age
and birth weight for group 1 and group 2 neonates were 25 (23, 27) vs. 25 (24, 26) weeks and 740
(620, 909) vs. 780 (663, 966) grams, respectively. Postnatal age <7 days at start of indomethacin
was associated with higher baseline (0.083 (0.074, 0.090) vs. 0.073 (0.054, 0.083) mmol/L, p=0.001)
and peak SCr levels (0.099 (0.089,0.109) vs. 0.090 (0.064, 0.104) mmol/L, p=0.015). Logistic
regression analysis controlling for gestational age and baseline SCr level indicated that postnatal
age >or=7 days was a risk factor for elevated SCr after indomethacin (OR=13.4, 95% CI: 3.846.6, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Postnatal age >or=7 days at the start of indomethacin is a
predictor of a significant rise in SCr in extremely preterm neonates.
Publication Type
Journal Article.
<20>
Unique Identifier
17045087
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
McDermott DF. Atkins MB.
Authors Full Name
McDermott, David F. Atkins, Michael B.
Institution
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center Renal
Cancer Program, Boston, MA 02215, USA. [email protected]
Title
Interleukin-2 therapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma--predictors of response. [Review] [32
refs]
Source
Seminars in Oncology. 33(5):583-7, 2006 Oct.
Abstract
For the past 15 years, immunoreactive cytokines have been the mainstay of treatment for
metastatic renal cancer. High-dose bolus interleukin-2 (IL-2) was granted US Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) approval in 1992 based on its ability to produce durable complete
responses (CRs) in a small number of patients. Unfortunately, the toxicity, expense, and
restricted accessibility of high-dose IL-2 make it a poor standard therapy. Regimens involving
lower doses of IL-2 either alone or in combination with interferon (IFN) have generally produced
fewer tumor regressions and these regressions were of less overall quality. Recent efforts have
focused on trying to identify factors predictive of response to IL-2 therapy so that this treatment
can be limited to those most likely to benefit. This year, investigators will launch a clinical trial
designed to prospectively determine if patients who are more likely to respond to high-dose IL-2
can be identified prior to starting therapy. [References: 32]
Publication Type
Journal Article. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
Review.
<21>
Unique Identifier
17026799
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
McDermott DF. Regan MM. Atkins MB.
Authors Full Name
McDermott, David F. Regan, Meredith M. Atkins, Michael B.
Institution
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
[email protected]
Title
Interleukin-2 therapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: update of phase III trials. [Review] [43
refs]
Source
Clinical Genitourinary Cancer. 5(2):114-9, 2006 Sep.
Abstract
High-dose bolus interleukin-2 (IL-2) was granted Food and Drug Administration approval for
the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma based on its ability to produce durable responses
in a small number of patients. Results from randomized phase III trials suggest that regimens
involving lower doses of IL-2 alone or in combination with interferon produce fewer tumor
regressions of decreased overall quality. Because of the toxicity and limited efficacy of this
treatment, recent studies have focused on identifying predictors of response (or resistance) to IL2 therapy. This year, investigators will launch a clinical trial designed to prospectively determine
whether patients who are more likely to respond to high-dose IL-2 can be identified before
therapy is initiated. [References: 43]
Publication Type
Journal Article. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural. Review.
<22>
Unique Identifier
16953530
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Safdar B. Degutis LC. Landry K. Vedere SR. Moscovitz HC. D'Onofrio G.
Authors Full Name
Safdar, Basmah. Degutis, Linda C. Landry, Keala. Vedere, Swarupa R. Moscovitz, Harry C.
D'Onofrio, Gail.
Institution
Section of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519,
USA. [email protected]
Title
Intravenous morphine plus ketorolac is superior to either drug alone for treatment of acute
renal colic.
Comments
Comment in: CJEM. 2008 Jan;10(1):66-8; PMID: 18226320]
Source
Annals of Emergency Medicine. 48(2):173-81, 181.e1, 2006 Aug.
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of intravenous ketorolac, morphine, and both
drugs in combination in reducing pain in acute renal colic. METHODS: We conducted a
prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial in an urban, teaching emergency
department. Patients aged 18 to 55 years and with a clinical diagnosis of acute renal colic and a
pain rating greater than 5 on a 10-cm visual analogue scale or at least "moderate pain" on a 4category verbal pain scale were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria were contraindication to
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or opiates, a history of drug dependence, presence of
peritonitis, or analgesics within 6 hours of presentation. Patients received either morphine 5 mg
at time zero and 5 mg at 20 minutes, ketorolac 15 mg at time zero and 15 mg at 20 minutes, or a
combination of both. Primary outcomes were pain reduction and the need for rescue analgesia at
40 minutes. RESULTS: Of the 555 consecutive patients screened, 158 patients met inclusion
criteria and 130 patients were randomized during 6 months. Mean difference in change in pain
score (visual analog scale 40 minutes minus visual analog scale 0 minutes) between combination
group and morphine group was 1.8 cm (95% confidence interval [CI] -3.3 to -0.1) and, compared
to the ketorolac group, was 2.2 cm (95% CI -3.7 to -0.5); P<.003. Patients with combination
therapy were less likely to require rescue morphine compared to the morphine group (odds ratio
0.2; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.7; P=.007). CONCLUSION: A combination of morphine and ketorolac
offered pain relief superior to either drug alone and was associated with a decreased requirement
for rescue analgesia.
Publication Type
Comparative Study. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial. Research Support, NonU.S. Gov't.
<23>
Unique Identifier
16895283
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Johnson J. Weinryb J.
Authors Full Name
Johnson, Jerry. Weinryb, Joan.
Institution
Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
[email protected]
Title
Safe pharmacologic treatment strategies for osteoarthritis pain in African Americans with
hypertension, and renal and cardiac disease. [Review] [64 refs]
Source
Journal of the National Medical Association. 98(7):1126-35, 2006 Jul.
Other ID
Source: NLM. PMC2569481
Abstract
Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in the United States. Osteoarthritis, the most common
form of arthritis, is a degenerative joint disease affecting both whites and African Americans
similarly. African Americans have a high incidence rate of comorbidities, including hypertension,
cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and diabetes. Treatment of osteoarthritic pain in
patients with comorbidities is often complicated by potential safety concerns. Traditional
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) specific NSAIDs
have been shown to increase blood pressure in hypertensive patients taking antihypertensive
medications. Patients with CVD risk factors taking low-dose aspirin for secondary prevention
may be at increased risk for gastrointestinal bleeding with NSAIDs. Diabetics face an increased
risk of renal complications. Because NSAIDs are associated with adverse renal effects, they
should be used cautiously in patients with advanced renal disease. Acetaminophen is the most
appropriate initial analgesic for African Americans with chronic osteoarthritic pain and
concurrent hypertension, CVD risk factors or diabetes, and is recommended by the American
College of Rheumatology as first-line treatment. Many of the adverse effects commonly
associated with NSAIDs are not associated with acetaminophen. Safety concerns surrounding
pharmacologic treatment of osteoarthritis in African Americans are reviewed. [References: 64]
Publication Type
Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't. Review.
<24>
Unique Identifier
16705027
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Lee S. Moon SO. Kim W. Sung MJ. Kim DH. Kang KP. Jang YB. Lee JE. Jang KY. Lee
SY. Park SK.
Authors Full Name
Lee, Sik. Moon, Sang-Ok. Kim, Won. Sung, Mi Jeong. Kim, Duk Hoon. Kang, Kyung Pyo.
Jang, Yong Bum. Lee, Jung Eun. Jang, Kyu Yun. Lee, Sang Yong. Park, Sung Kwang.
Institution
Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 634-18, KeumAm Dong, Jeonju 561-712, Republic of Korea.
Title
Protective role of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in cisplatin-induced renal injury.
Source
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 21(8):2085-95, 2006 Aug.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in the pathogenesis of
cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. l-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC) is a cysteine
prodrug, and increases cellular glutathione (GSH). OTC is converted to cysteine by the
intracellular enzyme, oxoprolinase. To date, the protective role of OTC on cisplatin-induced
renal injury has not been investigated. The purpose of the present study was to examine the
protective effect of OTC on cisplatin-induced renal injury and to examine the mechanism of its
protection. METHODS: Mice were treated with cisplatin with or without administration of OTC.
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of intercellular adhesion molecule
(ICAM)-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were determined in the kidney using
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, immunostaining or western blot analysis. Nuclear factor (NF)kappaB activity, infiltration of F4/80-positive cells and apoptosis were also investigated in
addition to renal function and histology using electrophoretic mobility shift assay,
immunostaining, western blot analysis, uridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick-end labelling or
periodic acid-Schiff staining. The effect of OTC on superoxide dismutase activity and GSH level
in cisplatin-treated normal adult human kidney (HK-2) cells were measured using assay kits.
RESULTS: The administration of OTC resulted in a significant reduction of cisplatin-induced
ROS production, the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB translocation into nucleus, expression of ICAM1, caspase 3 activity, expression of MCP-1 and the infiltration of macrophages into renal tissue.
OTC markedly ameliorated renal damage induced by cisplatin through antioxidant and antiinflammatory effect. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that OTC can be a potential
therapeutic agent in cisplatin-induced renal injury through decreasing the ROS levels and
activation of NF-kappaB.
Publication Type
Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
<25>
Unique Identifier
16756637
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Kahvecioglu S. Dilek K. Akdag I. Gullulu M. Demircan C. Ersoy A. Yurtkuran M.
Authors Full Name
Kahvecioglu, Serdar. Dilek, Kamil. Akdag, Ibrahim. Gullulu, Mustafa. Demircan, Celalettin.
Ersoy, Alpaslan. Yurtkuran, Mustafa.
Institution
Department of Nephrology, Uludag University Medical School, Bursa, Turkey.
[email protected]
Title
Effect of indomethacin and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on proteinuria and renal
function in patients with AA type renal amyloidosis.
Source
Nephrology. 11(3):232-7, 2006 Jun.
Abstract
AIMS: Because the cardiovascular system (CVS) side-effects of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)
selective inhibitors have recently been questioned, we aimed to compare the renal and
haemodynamic effects of cyclooxygenase selective (celecoxib and rofecoxib) and non-selective
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (indomethacin) in patients with renal
amyloidosis secondary to rheumatological diseases who required anti-inflammatory agents and
are taking maximum tolerable dose of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. METHODS:
The present study was performed on 11 patients with stable proteinuria who were diagnosed as
AA amyloidosis secondary to rheumatological diseases confirmed by renal biopsies. The study
had three consecutive stages (celecoxib 200 mg/day; indomethacin 100 mg/day; rofecoxib 25
mg/day.) Each was given for 4 weeks and a wash-out phase of 3 weeks was allowed between
consecutive stages. RESULTS: Although the decrease of proteinuria in the celecoxib period was
higher than in the rofecoxib and indomethacin periods, the difference was not statistically
significant. No statistically significant differences were found between serum urea, creatinine,
creatinine clearance and urinary sodium excretion. CONCLUSION: In this study, no differences
were found between indomethacin and the two selective COX-2 inhibitors in respect to
proteinuria and renal functions in 11 patients with renal amyloidosis secondary to
rheumatological diseases with varying degrees of proteinuria. Routine doses of NSAIDs brought
no additional benefit to the ACE inhibitor use in terms of proteinuria and renal functions. The
use of selective COX-2 inhibitors should be limited to their anti-inflammatory and analgesic
effects in this population.
Publication Type
Clinical Trial. Journal Article.
<26>
Unique Identifier
16375651
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Porta C.
Authors Full Name
Porta, Camillo.
Institution
Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Preclinical Oncology and Developmental Therapeutics,
IRCCS San Matteo University Hospital, Piazzale Camillo Golgi, 2I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
[email protected]
Title
Maintenance biotherapy with interleukin-2 and interferon for metastatic renal cell cancer.
[Review] [89 refs]
Source
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy. 6(1):141-52, 2006 Jan.
Abstract
The term maintenance immunotherapy comprises at least two different therapeutic approaches:
the continuation of immunotherapy beyond disease progression and the use of chronic
immunotherapy after the achievement of an initial response (or disease stabilization) with more
intensive treatment modalities, such as chemotherapy. The former therapeutic approach was
proposed in renal cell carcinoma some years ago relying on several immunological
considerations. Some years later, we have learned that it is feasible and endowed with a favorable
therapeutic index; furthermore, its immunologic effects are well described and reproducible, and
it has antitumor activity. However, due to the lack of adequate randomized Phase III studies, the
actual impact of this treatment strategy on patient survival has not yet been proved. The
rationale of this treatment, its immunological and clinical results, as well as its pitfalls and
perspectives, will be presented and discussed in this review. [References: 89]
Publication Type
Journal Article. Review.