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Figures: Replenishment of the Enteric Nervous System, Katarina Sandgren Figure 1. Culturing of donor cells. A) Intestinal cells are dissociated and cultured in medium promoting the growth of ENS progenitor cells. B) Shows neural crest derived cells (green) after 3 weeks in culture. Blue (DAPI) demonstrates the total population of cultured cells. A large proportion of the cultured cells express Sox10 (characterising neural progenitors). C) The relative proportion of EPCs increased during culture. Figure 2. ENS progenitor cells grafted into postnatal gut. Grafted cells shown in green could be found at the level of the myenteric (A) as well as the submucosal plexus (B). Figure 3. EPCs grafted into the basis of the caecum (A, B) of Ret-mutant gut. After 4 days in vivo the grafted EPCs have colonised the entire caecum (B). C shows grafted neurons (green) that have integrated within the endogenous neuronal plexus (red) in wild-type recipient gut. Figure 4. A) Ultrasound-guided microinjection into mouse embryo gut wall at E12.5. B) 36 hours after microinjection GFP+ grafted cells have colonised the gut of the host embryo. Figure 5. Phase holographic images of enteric neurons after 6 days in culture. Characteristic morphological features, such as size, width, thickness, irregularity and protrusions can be measured. In this image the varying thickness of cells is represented by different colours.