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THE DEVELOPING PLACENTA During the early stages of embryonic development, a thin membrane called the amniotic sac develops, which surrounds and protects the embryo. The membrane contains amniotic fluid, which cushions the fetus and helps to maintain even temperature throughout pregnancy. The outer cells of the embryo form projections, called “villi” that attach themselves to the uterine wall. This attachment becomes the placenta, a vascular spongy structure through which the embryo, and later the developing fetus, derives oxygen, antibodies and nutrients from the maternal blood supply. Waste products also pass from the fetus back to the maternal blood supply through the placenta. The embryo is connected to the placenta by the umbilical cord. Soon after implantation, the placenta secretes a hormone called HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin). HCG prevents the disintegration of the corpus luteum, which will secrete large quantities of estrogen and progesterone. Increased estrogen production also causes the enlargement of the uterus, breasts, and external genitalia. Increased progesterone helps to maintain the endometrium, prevents uterine contractions during the pregnancy, and prepares the breasts for lactation. Part 1: Compare and Contrast reproductive cells using information from the pages before Criteria SPERM OVUM/EGG Size Shape Mobility Location of Nucleus Chromosome # Mitochondria Amt. Food Reserves Protection Part 2: Compare and Contrast Overall Reproductive Systems using information from the text. Structure or Function Male Reproductive System Female Reproductive System Sex Cell Where sex cell made? Tube for sex cell travel Sex hormone? Where hormone made? Sex cell exit? Where? XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Where egg fertilized? XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Fert. Egg grows where? XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Nutrient exchange organ? XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Analysis Questions 1. In what ways are female and male reproductive systems similar (give 2)? In what ways are they different (give 2)? (2 pts) 2. Summarize the changes and development an egg goes through from week 1-4: 3. What is differentiation? What week does it begin? 4. What week does the heart begin to beat?_____________ 5. When is the nervous system developed enough to begin controlling some functions?_______ 6. Describe the function of the following structures in the development of the fetus: A. Amniotic Sac: B. Placenta: C. Umbilical Cord: 7. Imagine you are a doctor and one of your patients just found out she is pregnant. Knowing that anything she takes into her body can cross the placenta and affect the developing fetus, what will you recommend to her in order to have a healthy baby ( list 4 items) 1) 2) 3) 4)