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EOCT Review
Domain III – Genetics
1. Define genetics.
2. Name the components of a DNA nucleotide.
3. Name the nitrogen bases found in DNA.
4. Describe the shape and structure of a DNA molecule.
5. What type of bond holds the two strands of the DNA double helix together?
6. Describe the process of DNA replication.
7. Describe three differences between RNA and DNA.
8. Name the three types of RNA.
9. Describe the process of transcription. What is the purpose of transcription?
10. Describe the process of translation. What is the purpose of translation?
11. What is a codon?
12. What is an anticodon?
13. What organism did Mendel study?
14. Define the following terms:
Dominant –
Recessive –
Phenotype –
Genotype –
Heterozygous –
Homozygous –
15. Define the following laws of Mendel:
Law of Dominance:
Law of Segregation:
Law of Independent Assortment:
16. Explain how Mendel’s laws are observed in meiosis.
17. Explain three ways in which genetic variation can occur.
18. What are the sex chromosomes for human females? For human males?
19. What is crossing over? When does this occur?
20. What is mutation?
21. Complete the following cross using a Punnett Square and give the genotypic and
phenotypic ratios:
Tt x Tt
T
t
T
t
genotype:
phenotype:
22. What is the purpose of meiosis?
23. Define haploid and diploid.
24. Compare sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.
25. Fill in the chart to compare mitosis and meiosis.
Number & type of
cell it starts with
Number & type of cell it
ends with
# of stages
Somatic cells or sex cells?
Mitosis
Meiosis
26. What is a gamete? Is it haploid or diploid? How are sperm and egg formation different?
27. List the steps of the cell cycle (NOT the steps of mitosis).
28. What happens during Interphase? Include name and description of phases.
29. What happens during mitosis?
30. What happens during cytokinesis?
31. What are the 4 main stages of mitosis (in order)?
32. Describe two uses of DNA technology.
33. How has genetic engineering changed our world?