Download AP Biology: Concepts and Connections

AP Biology: Concepts and Connections - 2009
Your Name: __________________________
Guided Reading Questions: Chapter 6 – How Cells Harvest Chemical
Energy
Key Terms
acetyl CoA (acetyl
coenzyme A)
alcoholic fermentation
ATP synthase
cellular respiration
chemiosmosis
dehydrogenase
electron carrier
electron transport chain
facultative anaerobe
glycolysis
intermediates
Krebs cycle
lactic acid fermentation
NAD+
oxidation
redox reaction
reduction
strict anaerobe
substrate-level
phosphorylation
Word Roots
glyco- = sweet; -lysis = split (glycolysis: the splitting of glucose into pyruvate)
6.1 – Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
1. Label the following diagram:
Adapted from S. Sharp
AP Biology: Concepts and Connections - 2009
Your Name: __________________________
2. Why is the statement “Plants perform photosynthesis and animals perform cellular respiration,”
inaccurate?
6.2 – Breathing and Cellular Respiration
1. Explain how breathing is related to the process of cellular respiration.
2. Do all organisms breathe? Explain your answer.
6.3 - Cellular Respiration and ATP
1. Write the balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration.
2. How much of the energy stored in a glucose molecule is produced through cellular respiration?
6.4 – Energy Consumption
1. According to Table 6.4 why is sleeping or lying still listed as consuming no energy. Why is this
misleading?
Adapted from S. Sharp
AP Biology: Concepts and Connections - 2009
Your Name: __________________________
6.5 – Extraction of Energy
1. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing
agent and oxidizing agent.
2. Why is being “reduced” equivalent to having a greater potential energy?
3. In cellular respiration, what is being oxidized and what is being reduced?
4. Label the diagram below of the electron movement:
5. Why are electron transport chains an advantage to living systems?
6. Label the following figure and explain why oxygen is critical in the process depicted:
Adapted from S. Sharp
AP Biology: Concepts and Connections - 2009
Your Name: __________________________
6.6 – Overview of three stages:
1. Here is the overview, slightly different than the diagram in your text. See if you can follow
and fill in the blanks.
2. In which part of the cellular respiration process is the most amount of ATP produced?
Adapted from S. Sharp
AP Biology: Concepts and Connections - 2009
Your Name: __________________________
3. What does it mean to phosphorylate a compound?
4. What is meant by a concentration gradient?
5. What types of organisms respire?
6.7 – Glycolysis
1. What does the term “glycolysis mean?
2. Label the compounds
3. Summarize this process focusing on what goes in, what comes out and changes to starting
Adapted from S. Sharp
AP Biology: Concepts and Connections - 2009
Your Name: __________________________
6 carbon compound:
Summarize these starting
steps without using
intermediary compound
names (focus on carbon #)
Summarize these steps
without using
intermediary compound
names (focus on
carbons)
4. What is meant by substrate level phosphorylation?
5. Why is glycolysis thought to be an ancient metabolic process?
6.8 & 6.9 - Citric Acid Cycle
1. Three reactions occur before the Citric Acid Cycle begins. Label the diagram:
2. Label and answer below:
Adapted from S. Sharp
AP Biology: Concepts and Connections - 2009
Your Name: __________________________
a. What happens to the carbon molecules when it changes from a 6 carbon compound to a 5
carbon compound?
b. What is happening when NAD+  NADH + H+?
6.10
– Oxidative Phosphorylation
1. What does it mean to say that “form fits function?”
2. Describe the physical structure of the mitochondrion and explain how this impacts its ability
to produce ATP.
3. Explain how the proton gradient is like a dam.
Adapted from S. Sharp
AP Biology: Concepts and Connections - 2009
Your Name: __________________________
4. Compare and contrast oxidative phosphorylation and substrate-level phosphorylation.
5. Define chemiosmosis and label the diagram below.
chemiosmosis:
6.13
– Fermentation
1. Compare and contrast alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.
2. Label the diagram:
Adapted from S. Sharp
AP Biology: Concepts and Connections - 2009
Your Name: __________________________
3. What kinds of cells undergo aerobic cellular respiration happen in prokaryotic organisms – if yes
– where?
4. What is the overall purpose of fermentation? Why does it have to occur?
5. What is a facultative anaerobe?
Adapted from S. Sharp