Download Chapter 7: Political Economy Test bank Multiple choice The ______

Chapter 7: Political Economy
Test bank
Multiple choice
1. The _______ perspective is mostly concerned with identifying how power relationships and
economic systems produce environmental and social conditions.
a. political economy
b. market environmentalist
c. institutionalist
d. population and scarcity
2. _______ describes how capitalism undermines itself by undermining the environmental
conditions necessary for its own perpetuation.
a. The first contradiction of capital
b. The second contradiction of capital
c. Primitive accumulation
d. The spatial fix
3. The Enclosure Laws were an example of _______.
a. the spatial fix
b. uneven development
c. primitive accumulation
d. globalization.
4. In order to create _______ in a capitalist economy, workers and the environment must be
undervalued.
a. surplus value
b. exchange value
c. the means of production
d. the conditions of production
5. _______ are the raw materials needed to produce things, such as wood, iron, and oil.
a. The means of production
b. The conditions of production
c. The relations of production
d. Surplus values
True/False
6. Moving a factory from Mexico to Vietnam is an example of the spatial fix.
a. true
b. false
7. Development is always uneven.
a. true
b. false
8. Most environmental activists are men.
a. true
b. false
9. Problems such as overaccumulation, overproduction, and underconsumption are anomalies in
capitalism and suggest that the system is not functioning properly.
a. true
b. false
10. Environmental justice is primarily concerned with the uneven distribution of environmental
“bads.”
a. true
b. false
Identification
People: Karl Marx
Key terms: anthropocentrism, commodification, commodity, conditions of production, eco-feminism,
environmental justice, exchange value, first contradiction of capitalism, globalization, means of
production, overaccumulation, primitive accumulation, production of nature, relations of production,
second contradiction of capitalism, social reproduction, spatial fix, superfund, surplus value
Concepts: the Enclosure Laws, uneven development
Short Essay
1. According to Karl Marx, how does capitalism undermine itself, and what are the social and
environmental consequences? Describe Marx’s basic framework for (1) how capitalism works;
(2) how capitalism undermines itself through crises; and (3) the social and environmental
implications of capitalism and its crises. Use examples to support your explanation.
2. How does the spatial fix address the first and second contradictions of capitalism? In your
answer, you should (1) define the first and second contradictions of capitalism, (2) define the
spatial fix, and (3) provide at least 1 example of each of the 3 types of spatial fix.
3. Compare and contrast eco-feminism and environmental justice. What are the main
assumptions of each framework? For each framework, you should (1) describe what is
assumed to be the main source of environmental degradation, (2) describe who are the primary
victims, and (3) identify the main goals of each movement. (4) In what ways are these
frameworks similar, and in what ways are they different?