Download Chapter 7 Reading Guide (print off and write out answers)

Unit 3 Cultural Patterns and Processes
Chapter 7 – Religion
The following information corresponds to Chapter 7 in your textbook. Fill in the blanks to complete the definition, sentence or
concept. Note: All of the following information in addition to your reading is important, not just the blanks you fill in.
WHAT IS RELIGION AND WHAT ROLE DOES IT PLAY IN CULTURE?
1. Why do religion and language lie at the foundation of a culture?
2. How have religions diffused throughout the world?
3. List features of the cultural religious landscape.
4. What are some of the subtle markers of religion?
5. How is religion reflected in modes of dress and personal habits?
6. What two objectives were accomplished in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan when the government
proclaimed that possessing a beard was a requirement for the appointment of judges?
7. Describe the cultural landscapes of the dead. (Field Note)
8. List the ways that religion may manifest itself.
9. Describe some common religious rituals.
10. Why does organized religion exert a powerful effect on human societies?
WHERE DID THE MAJOR RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD ORIGINATE AND HOW DO RELIGIONS DIFFUSE?
Other types of religions:
11. _______________________ – worship a single deity;
12. _______________________ – more than one (e.g. Hinduism – thousands);
13. _______________________ – inanimate objects possess spirits and should be revered.
14. _________________________________________ - believed to be the first monotheistic religion.
15. _______________________ - Before The Common Era
16. List each of the four major hearths of religion and philosophy along with their locations.
17. ______________________
and __________________the two religions with the
greatest number of adherents
in the world today.
18. Why must caution be used
when making observations
from any map of world religions? (3)
19. ____________________________________ Religions – Christianity, Islam, Buddhism belong in this
category; adherents actively seek converts (sometimes referred to as global religions).
20. _____________________religions (cultural) – Hinduism, Judaism, Shintoism, … particular to one distinct
group of people; generally do not seek converts & are spatially concentrated (Judaism is the exception –
the Jews are scattered mostly due to forced and voluntary migration, but not for seeking converts).
21. ______________________ - the
oldest major religion, it originated
around the __________________
Valley (within modern day Pakistan)
around 4,000 years ago. Hinduism
diffused into S.E. Asia (mostly India)
and into the island of Bali in
Indonesia.
22. Why is Hinduism unique among world religions?(3)
23. What is the commonly accepted theory of the origin of Hinduism?
24. Where is Hinduism principally found in the world?
25. _______________________ - the one god or universal soul.
26. Why is Hinduism considered an ethnic religion?
27. _______________________ - the four texts that make up the sacred books of Hinduism.
28. Its fundamental doctrine is _______________________, which deals with the transferability of the soul.
The principle of _______________________ is a cornerstone of Hinduism; a soul moves upward or
downward according to the individual’s behavior.
29. The _______________________ _______________________ - which is dominant in India, locks people
into particular social classes, and imposes many restrictions on the lower castes.
30. Who helped loosen the social barriers of the caste system?
31. Describe the diffusion of Hinduism.
32. ______________________________________________ - splintered from Hinduism over 250 years ago.
33. Founded by Prince _________________________________, the heir to a wealthy kingdom of what is
now Nepal. He was upset by the poverty caused by the Hindu castes.
34. Often referred to as the _________________ (enlightened one), he received his vision when he sat
under the Boda (awakening) tree. He was perhaps the first Indian religious leader to speak out against
the _______________________ system, and believed that enlightenment could be attained by anyone
through knowledge.
35. How do Buddhists believe enlightenment can be attained?
36. Describe the diffusion of Buddhism.
37. _______________________ - religion founded by Lao-Tsu focusing on the proper form of political rule
and on the oneness of humanity and nature.
38. ________________________________________________________ - “Book of the Way”
39. ______________________________________ - art and science of organized living spaces in order to
channel the life forces that exist in nature in favorable ways.
40. _______________________ - people skilled in the art of Feng Shui
41. List the Taoist virtues.
42. _____________________________________________________________ - a philosophy of life.
43. How does Confucianism affect life in China?
44. _____________________________________ - a set of 13 texts that became the focus of education in
China for 2000 years.
45. Describe the diffusion of Chinese Religions.
46. __________________________ - religion with its roots in the teachings of Abraham, who is credited
with uniting his people to worship only one god.
47. Briefly describe the history of the Jews.
48. _______________________ - the spatial dispersion of members of any ethnic group.
49. How did Judaism diffuse?
50. ____________________________ - the idea of a homeland for the Jewish people.
51. _____________________________ - religion based on the teachers of Jesus Christ. According to
Christian teachings, Jesus is the son of God, placed on earth to teach people how to live according to
God’s plan.
52. How did the first split in Christianity occur?
53. _______________________ - the oldest established denomination (or branch) originated in the eastern
part of the Roman Empire after its break up.
54. ______________________ - the papacy was established which gave rise to the second branch in Rome.
The power of the church peaked during the Middle Ages. This branch still maintains the largest
bureaucracy of all faiths.
55. ____________________________________________________ - the third major branch of Christianity.
56. Christianity is the largest and globally the most widely dispersed religion. It thus accounts for nearly
____________ percent of the members of the world’s major religions with _______________________
being the largest segment of Christianity.
57. Describe the diffusion of Christianity.
58. _______________________ - the youngest of the world’s major religions, based on the teachings of
Muhammad, who received the truth directly from Allah in a series of revelations.
59. ______________________________ - one true god of Islam
60. ______________________________________ - Muslim holy book.
61. List the five pillars of the Muslim faith.
62. Islam is divided into two major sects, the ______________________________ (the great majority) and
the ___________________________________________ (concentrated in Iran).
63. What are the major beliefs of the Sunni’s and the Shi’ites?
64. _______________________ - Shi’ite Muslim leaders whose appointments are regarded as sanctioned
by Allah.
65. Describe the diffusion of Islam.
66. _______________________ approximate number of followers of Islam.
67. ______________________________________ are local in scope, usually have a reverence for nature,
and are passed down through family unites and groups (tribes of indigenous peoples.
68. __________________________________ a community faith in which people follow their shaman (
religious leader, teacher, healer and visionary.
69. What is contributing to the decline or organized religion?
70. What are some visible signs of the rise of secularism in the past century?
HOW IS RELIGION SEEN IN THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE?
71. How does religion mark cultural landscapes?
72. _______________________ - when adherents voluntary travel to a religious site to pay respects or
participate in a ritual act at the religious site.
73. _______________________ _______________________ - places or spaces that people infuse with
religious meaning.
74. List and describe some scared sites in the world.
75. Why is the ancient city of Jerusalem sacred to Jews, Christians and Muslims?
76. Why is the Hindu landscape dotted with religious structures?
77. Where are many structures located? Why?
78. _______________________ - the tree which Buddha sat under to receive enlightenment.
79. _______________________ - bell shaped structures that protect Buddhist burial grounds.
80. What is the most familiar structure of Buddhism?
81. How is Hinduism seen in the cultural landscape of the dead?
82. What is one of the most sacred places in Hinduism?
83. How has the cultural landscape of Christianity changed over the centuries?
84. ________________________________________________________ - Islamic places of worship.
85. __________________________________________________________ - towers in the Mosques.
86. List names and location of Islamic architectural masterpieces.
87. _______________________ - the most well-known pilgrimages in the world, pilgrimage to Mecca, one
of the five pillars of the Islamic faith.
88. How many Muslims make the journey to Mecca each year?
89. _______________________ -Muslim non Hajj pilgrimages.
WHAT ROLE DOES RELIGION PLAY IN POLITICAL CONFLICT?
90. What do religious conflicts involve?
91. ______________________________ boundaries within a single faith.
92. What are some examples of intra-faith boundaries?
93. Describe the religious conflict between Israel and Palestine.
94. Discuss the reasons that the former Yugoslavia has been witness to much conflict.
95. Discuss why Northern Ireland is a site of religious conflict.
96. ___________________________________________________ - religious movement whose objectives
are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy.
97. ___________________________________________________ - fundamentalism carried to the point of
violence.
98. Describe the fundamentalist movements of each:
Christianity
Judaism
Islam
99. __________________________ - Islamic holy war
Color the major Religious Regions of the United States figure 7.26 or 7.28)
New England (Catholic)
Southern (Baptist)
Mormon
Pennsylvania German (Lutheran)
Peninsular FL (mixed)
Western (mixed)
Midland (mixed)
French Catholic
Upper Midwest (Lutheran)
Southwest (Spanish Catholic)
C
Catholic Conc.