Download AP BIOLOGY REVIEW

AP BIOLOGY REVIEW
DNA, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, BACTERIA, VIRUSES
Scientists (10):
Watson & Crick
Wilkins & Franklin
Nirenberg
Meselson & Stahl
Lederberg & Zinder
Lederberg & Tatum
Hershey & Chase
Griffith
Garrod
Chargaff
Beadle & Tatum
Avery, McLeod, McCarty
Enzymes (6):
Primase
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Helicase
Topoisomerase
endonucleases/restriction enzymes
reverse transcriptase
ligase
peptidyl transferase
activating enzymes
DNA structure & replication (15):
X-ray diffraction provided what information?
DNA dimensions in angstroms
Shape? Strands? Building blocks? Bonds?
5’ and 3’ designations
purines and pyrimidines (examples, general structure, percentages)
nucleotides, gene, genetic code, mutations
replication: enzymes, initiation, steps, Okazaki fragments
Transcription & Translation (18): definitions, steps
Amino acid sequence  DNA nucleotide sequence; mRNA  amino acid; DNA  amino acid
Requirements for protein synthesis
Relationship between # of amino acids in a polypeptide & # of nucleotides
Prokaryotic cells?
Polyribosomes
Ribosome structure
Types, functions & processing of RNA
Bacteria & Viruses (9):
Operon – definition, components, transcription
Prophage, lytic cycle, lysogenic cycle
Viral structure (nucleic acid? Capsid? Envelope?)
Bacterial genes: structural, regulatory, constitutive
Repressor protein
Lac operon & trp operon (inducible, repressible, product, substrate, repressor