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Chapter 15: The Urinary System. ( ) 1- What enzyme produced by the kidneys helps to regulate blood pressure? a- renin b- aldosterone c- urochrome d- erythropoietin e- creatine ( ) 2- Blood in an afferent arteriole would enter which of the following next? a- interlobular artery b- efferent arteriole c- peritubular capillaries d- arcuate artery e- glomerulus ( ) 3- The filtrate forced through the capillary walls in the kidneys enters which of the following first? a- distal convoluted tubule (DCT). b- glomerular capsule c- loop of Henle d- collecting duct e- proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). ( ) 4- Which of the following is not normally in the filtrate forced from the glomerular capillaries and, therefore, does not appear in urine? a- proteins b- glucose c- water d- amino acids e- urea ( ) 5- Which of the following is normally present in the filtrate forced from the glomerular capillaries but does not normally appear in the urine? a- blood cells b- water c- proteins d- glucose e- urea 1 ( ) 6- Which of the following is not located in the renal medulla? a- interlobar artery b- renal pyramid c- glomerular capsule d- collecting duct e- renal column ( ) 7- From first to last, the correct order in which the filtrate would pass through the structures listed is? a- collecting duct-glomerular capsule-PCT-loop of Henle-DCT b- glomerular capsule-collecting duct-PCT-loop of Henle-DCT c- glomerular capsule-PCT-loop of Henle-DCT-collecting duct d- glomerular capsule-DCT-loop of Henle-PCT-collecting duct e- glomerular capsule-loop of Henle-PCT-DCT-collecting duct ( ) 8- The metabolism of nucleic acids yields this nitrogenous waste that appears in blood and urine? a- uric acid b- urochrome c- urea d- ammonia e- creatinine ( ) 9- The regulation of blood pH by the elimination of excess acids or alkaline substances from the body is accomplished by the? a- renal mechanism b- bicarbonate buffer system c- protein buffer system d- respiratory system e- phosphate buffer system ( ) 10- Which of the following substances is not normally found in urine? a- urochrome b- urea c- uric acid d- water e- red blood cells ( ) 11- Which of the following would not apply to the location of the kidneys? a- ventral cavity b- thoracic cavity c- retroperitoneal d- abdominal cavity e- lumbar region 2 ( ) 12- Podocytes are? a- Cells of the wall of the glomerular capillaries b- cells that line the urinary bladder c- Cells of the inner layer of the glomerular capsule d- kidneys cells that produce renin e- phagocytic cells in the kidneys ( ) 13- A high specific gravity of urine indicates? a- diabetes insipidus b- alkalosis c- acidosis d- excessive fluid intake e- kidney inflammation ( )14- Starting at the tip of a medullary pyramid, the correct sequence of structures that urine passes through on its way out of the body is? a- renal pelvis-calyx-ureter-urinary bladder-urethra b- renal pelvis-calyx-urethra-urinary bladder-ureter c- ureter-calyx-renal pelvis-urinary bladder-urethra d- calyx-renal pelvis-ureter-urinary bladder-urethra e- calyx-renal pelvis-urethra-urinary bladder-ureter ( ) 15- Which of the following is an indicator of the disease diabetes insipidus? a- ketones in the urine b- glucose in the urine c- acidosis d- a huge volume of dilute urine e- hunger ( ) 16- What are the structural and functional units of the kidneys involved in forming urine? a- calyces b- medullary pyramids c- renal columns d- nephrons e- renal pelvises ( ) 17- Which of the following terms refers to the formation of a large volume of urine? a- oliguria b- polyuria c- anuria d- ptosis e- dysuria 3 ( ) 18- Which of the following terms refers to an inflammation of the urinary bladder? a- pyelitis b- cystitis c- ptosis d- urethritis e- glomerulonephritis ( ) 19- Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys? a- produce urea b- produce renin c- excrete urea d- maintain acid-base balance e- maintain water and electrolyte balance ( ) 20- Which of the following substances enters the renal tubule by both filtration and secretion? a- glucose b- amino acids c- creatine d- urea e- water ( ) 21- Each kidney is surrounded by a layer of fibrous tissue, the? a- renal fat pad b- hilus c- renal fascia d- renal capsule e- renal pelvis ( ) 22- The notch on the medial surface of the kidney, through which the blood vessels enter and leave the kidney, is called the? a- renal cortex b- renal pelvis c- ureter d- calyx e- hilus ( ) 23- The expansion of the ureter into the substance of the kidney forms the? a- renal fascia b- renal capsule c- renal fat pad d- renal pelvis e- hilus 4 ( ) 24- What is the outermost portion of the kidney? a- renal pelvis b- renal pyramid c- renal calyx d- renal medulla e- renal cortex ( ) 25- Cortical tissue that extends between the medullary or renal pyramids is termed the? a- nephrons b- renal medulla c- renal papillae d- medullary rays e- renal columns ( ) 26- If you dissected a medullary or renal pyramid, what would you find inside? a- the vas deferens b- the glomeruli c- the collecting tubules d- the calyx e- an Egyptian King's tomb ( ) 27- What is the functional unit of the kidney? a- nephron b- renal medulla c- glomerulus d- renal corpuscle e- renal cortex ( ) 28- The portion of the nephron closest to the collecting duct is called the? a- distal convoluted tubule b- proximal convoluted tubule c- Loop of Henle d- glomerulus e- Bowman's capsule ( ) 29- The beginning of the nephron is dilated to form the? a- glomerulus b- renal calyx c- renal pelvis d- proximal convoluted tubule e- Bowman's capsule 5 ( ) 30- Urine formation requires which of the following? a- Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion b- Glomerular filtration and tubular secretion only c- a lot of patience d- Tubular secretion, tubular filtration and glomerular reabsorption e- Glomerular reabsorption and tubular filtration only ( ) 31- The uptake of substances from the lumen of the nephrons is known as? a- tubular secretion b- tubular filtration c- does not occur d- tubular reabsorption e- tubular distension ( ) 32- The filtrate materials found in the nephron first leave the blood at the? a- urinary bladder b- Loop of Henle c- contractile vacuole d- nephridium e- glomerulus ( ) 33- Where does most reabsorption of substances from the glomerular filtrate occur? a- in the distal convoluted tubule b- in the loop of Henle c- in the collecting tubule d- in the proximal convoluted tubule e- in the Bowman's Capsule ( ) 34- Which of the following can enter the urine by tubular secretion? a- H+ b- K+ c- Creatinine d- All of a, b and c above are correct about tubular secretion e- Only a and b above are correct about tubular secretion ( ) 35- What does renin do? a- It forms paracasein with a milk protein in the stomach b- It catalyses the formation and release of angiotensin c- It is concerned with lipid digestion in the stomach d- It reduces blood pressure e- It is concerned with carbohydrate digestion in the stomach 6 ( ) 36- The cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus? a- secrete aldosterone b- secrete renin c- are located in the proximal convoluted tubule d- both a and c above are correct about the juxtaglomerular cells e- both b and c above are correct about the juxtaglomerular cells ( ) 37- Aldosterone is secreted in response to? a- low extracellular sodium (Na+) ion concentrations b- high extracellular potassium (K+) ion concentrations c- increased plasma angiotensin d- all of a, b and c above are correct about aldosterone e- only a and c above are correct about aldosterone ( )38- Which endocrine gland is primarily concerned with sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ion balance in the body? a- Parathyroids b- thyroids c- adrenal cortex d- corpus luteum e- adrenal medulla ( ) 39- Just before the final exam in Anatomy and Physiology, to relax yourself and ease your tensions, you drank ten pints of beer. The production and release of ADH [Antidiuretic Hormone or Vasopressin] would? a- be carried out by the kidney b- decrease c- be controlled by the anterior pituitary d- increase dramatically e- remain the same ( ) 40- ADH stimulates tubular reabsorption of? a- water. b- Na+ ions. c- K+ ions. d- all of a, b and c above are correct about ADH. e- only b and c above are correct about ADH. A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 B A 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 B 7 8