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2008-2009 AP World History World History (AP) Study Guide – Chapter 17, 18 Vocabulary: Define each term, person, or concept; use a separate sheet of paper 1. Benefice Chapter 18 2. Carolingians 21. Yurts 3. Clovis 22. Golden Horde 4. Franks 23. Ilkhanate 5. Holy Roman Empire 24. Istanbul 6. Magyars 25. Saljuqs 7. Manor 26. Shamanism 8. Missi dominici 27. Timur-i lang (Tamerlane) 9. Serfs 28. Yuan dynasty 10. Charles Martel 29. kumiss 11. Gregory of Tours 30. sultan 12. Aachen 13. Louis the Pious 14. Newfoundland 15. Vikings 16. King Alfred 31. Chinggis Khan 32. Khubilai Khan 33. Marco Polo 34. Ilkhan Ghazan 17. feudalism 35. Osman 18. retainer 36. Mehmed II 19. St. Benedict 37. Manzikert 20. Otto I Short Answer Questions: 38. What does the book mean when it states that most of the Mongol leaders were better conquerors than administrators? How was this evident in the various Mongol states? Were there exceptions to that rule? 39. Discuss the military organization, techniques, and strategies of these Asian nomads. How did these abilities make their military so formidable? 40. What were the obligations of lords toward their retainers and the retainers toward their lords? Why was this arrangement often unstable? What role did the serfs play in early medieval Europe? What was life like on the manor?