Download Unit 6: Chapter 6

Unit 6: Chapter 6
Learning Through Conditioning
1.
215
Define the terms learning and conditioning and explain their role in understanding behavior.
2.
216
Describe classical conditioning and explain the acquisition of a conditioned response through
classical conditioning. Use Pavlov’s original experiment as an example.
3.
217-218
Define the terms UCS, CS, UCR, and CR.
4.
218-220
Describe how classical conditioning plays a role in the emergence of phobias, and in emotional
and physiological responses.
5.
220-222
Describe and explain the acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery of a classically
conditioned response.
6.
222-223
Define stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination in classical conditioning and
recognize examples of each.
7.
223-224
Describe how higher-order conditioning occurs and explain its function in human learning.
8.
224-225
Describe operant responding and the relationship between behavior and its consequences. Define
the terms operant conditioning and reinforcement.
9.
227-228
Describe and explain how behavior is acquired and shaped through reinforcement.
10.
228-229
Describe and explain how an operant behavior is reduced through extinction. Define resistance to
extinction.
11.
229-230
Describe and explain discriminative stimuli, stimulus discrimination, and stimulus generalization
in operant conditioning and recognize examples of each.
12.
230
Describe reinforcement. Distinguish between primary and secondary reinforcers.
13.
231-233
Define schedules of reinforcement and the four types of intermittent reinforcement (fixed ratio,
fixed interval, variable ratio, variable interval).
14.
231-233
Recognize examples of the four different types of intermittent reinforcement and describe their
unique patterns of response and resistance to extinction.
15.
233-235
Distinguish between positive and negative reinforcement. Describe how negative reinforcement
strengthens behavior through escape and avoidance learning.
16.
235-237
Distinguish negative reinforcement from punishment. Describe how a behavior is weakened
through punishment and how to make punishment effective while reducing its side effects.
17.
238-240
Define instinctive drift, conditioned taste aversion, arbitrary vs. ecological stimuli, and the
evolutionary perspective on learning.
18.
243-244
Define observational learning and recognize common examples. List and define the four key
factors identified by Bandura.
19.
244
Distinguish between acquisition and performance in observational learning.
20.
250-253
Describe the five steps in conducting a self-modification program.