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Darwin and Natural Selection Notes Galapagos Islands- islands off cost of South America and where Darwin recorded many observations; refer to pages 418-422 for additional information. Darwin observed differences and similarities among various species living on the mainland and those living Tortoises Finches had different types of beaks _______________________________________________ Darwin guessed that some of the birds from South America ___________________________ and changed over the years These observations show ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Patterns in species suggested species had changed over time and had given rise to ______________________________________________________________________________ Darwin concluded Each species has _______________________________________________________________ Darwin called this ______________________________________________________________ or Evolution: the slow, gradual change in a species population over time Common Descent with Modification o Darwin proposed that organisms descended from _____________________________ o o o o o Idea that organism change with time, _______________________________________ Caused evolution of new species Takes place over long periods of time Natural Selection can be observed as changes in body structure, ecological niches or habitats Species today look different than their ancestors Page 1 of 2 Theory of Natural Selection: Survival of the Fittest Mechanism by which Darwin proposed evolution took place Darwin published his theory in the book ___________________________________________ Natural Selection Driving force for evolution During the struggle for resources, _________________________________________________ Idea that at least some of the differences between individuals, which impact their survival and fertility, ___________________________________________________________________ Five Basic Components of Natural Selection, page 420 1. ________________________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________________________________ o Organisms compete for o Food o Water o Shelter o Space o Mates 4. ________________________________________________________________________ o o o Fitness is the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment. Fitness is a result of adaptations Some organisms are more suited to their environment as a result of variations in the species Individuals that are fit to their environment survive and leave more offspring than those who aren’t 5. _______________________________________________________________________ o o o Living species today are descended with modifications from common ancestral species that lived in the past Characteristics of fit individuals increase in a population over time. Over time, genes for less favored characteristics will be eliminated from the gene pool Adaptations and Extinction An ______________________ is any inherited characteristic (a genetic variation) that can increase an organism’s chance of survival. An organism does not change because of need or desire to survive. The organism either already has the variation that enables it to survive or it dies _________________________ occurs when an entire population of a species can not adapt to environmental changes Page 2 of 2