Download Day 5 Korea and Vietnam FITB - Mr

Answer
the questions
Which part of
Korea is
Communist?
What line
separated North
Korea from
South Korea?
What action
started the
Korean War?
Name____________________________________ Date__________________________Per__
Today’s Objectives
• Trace the course and consequences of the Korean War
• Summarize the causes of the Vietnam War and describe its aftermath.
• Describe conditions in Cambodia after the Vietnam War
Essential Question
• How did the outcomes of the Korean and Vietnam wars affect the Cold War?
The Big Idea
In both Korea and Vietnam, Communist aggression threatened to overthrow non-Communist governments. The U.S. and
the Soviet Union intervened in both wars, and while Communism was contained in Korea, containment was not
successful in Vietnam. In Cambodia, a ruthless regime took power after the Vietnam War and brutally murdered millions
of its citizens.
Vocabulary
1. domino theory, noun
• A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under
Communist control.
- Because of the domino theory, the U.S. intervened in Korea and Vietnam to try to prevent other Asian countries from
falling to communism.
2.
What is the
Truman
Doctrine?
guerilla fighter, noun
• A member of an informal armed force that fights a stronger force using sabotage, harassment, and
unconventional methods of warfare
- Guerilla fighters played a major role in the Vietnam War; it was because of them that the advanced American army
couldn’t make any progress.
How did the U.S.
practice the
Truman Doctrine
in Korea?
What is
containment?
Was containment
successful in
Korea? Explain.
What country did
Vietnam gain
independence
from?
Who led the
Communists in
Vietnam?
Korea
• After WWII, Korea was divided by the 38 th parallel.
• The Soviets set up a communist govt. in North Korea, while the U.S. set up an American-backed govt. in South
Korea
• June 1950  North Korean troops invaded South Korea
• The large, well-equipped North Koreans army was quickly able to push the South Koreans south.
The War Begins
• Truman saw this as a test for the policy of containment.
• The U.S. quickly responded with naval and air forces and called upon the U.N. to send troops to the region.
• Under the leadership of General MacArthur, U.S. and South Korean forces launched a surprise attack at Inchon.
• North Koreans were pushed north past the 38th parallel
The Korean War
• As the North Korean troops were pushed toward China, the Chinese govt. saw this as a threat and warned the UN
troops to stop.
• When those warnings were ignored, China entered the conflict by launching a massive attack
• 300,000 Chinese troops were sent into North Korea
• The UN troops were forced to retreat back across the 38 th parallel.
• Frustrated, General MacArthur asked for permission to fight back harder against the Chinese
• After the Chinese captured Seoul, the South Korean capital, MacArthur called for the use of atomic weapons to
bomb Chinese cities
• When Truman resisted his demands, MacArthur publicly criticized the president: “There is no substitute for
victory”
• In response, Truman fired MacArthur for insubordination
The War Ends
• After replacing MacArthur, UN troops continued to battle against the North Koreans.
• By mid-1951, the North Koreans had been pushed back across the 38 th parallel
• As the war began to slow down, peace negotiations began.
• An armistice was signed in July 1953, and the border between North and South Korea was set at almost the same
place it had been before the war.
Aftermath of the War
• The DMZ, or demilitarized zone, was set up after the war and still separates North Korea from South Korea
• North Korea remains a Communist nation, while South Korea is a democracy
The Road to War
• In the early 1900s, France gained control of most of Southeast Asia, including what are now Vietnam, Laos and
Cambodia.
• By the 1930s, nationalist independence movements had begun to develop.
During
Vietnam’s battle
for independence,
which side did
the U.S. support?
What was the
domino theory?
Who was the
leader of South
Vietnam? What
happened to him?
What event
prompted the
U.S. to send
troops to
Vietnam?
What was the
Gulf of Tonkin
Resolution?
• Ho Chi Minh – Communist leader of Vietnamese nationalist movement and led strikes and revolts against French
The Fighting Begins
• Ho Chi Minh founded the Vietminh, a nationalist organization to try to fight off French rule
• The French held most major cities, but the Vietminh was popular in the countryside
• As the battles escalated, people in France began to wonder if the Vietnam colony was worth fighting for.
• After a major defeat at Dien Bien Phu, the French surrendered to Ho Chi Minh
• During the conflict, the U.S. had supported France.
• With Vietnam free from French rule, the U.S. believed other countries in Asia might seek independence and
maybe turn to Communism.
Domino Theory
• President Eisenhower called this threat “domino theory”
• Southeast Asian nations were like a row of dominos.
• If one fell to communism, countries nearby would be next to fall.
• Domino theory used to justify U.S. foreign policy in Asia during Cold War
Vietnam Divided
• Once France had been defeated, Vietnam was divided at 17° north latitude.
• North – controlled by Ho Chi Minh’s Communist forces
• South – controlled by Ngo Dinh Diem’s anti-Communist govt., which had been set up by U.S. and France
• Diem ruled as a dictator in the South.
• Vietcong (Communist guerrilla fighters) began to grow in popularity in the South
• 1963 – Diem assassinated and replaced by more unpopular leaders
• A Communist takeover of South Vietnam seemed likely
The U.S. Gets Involved
• The U.S. was nervous that South Vietnam might fall to communism.
• The U.S. began to escalate its involvement in South Vietnam by sending planes and other military equipment to
South Vietnam.
America Enters the Fight
• 1964 – President Lyndon Johnson announces that two U.S. destroyers had been attacked by North Vietnamese
boats in the Gulf of Tonkin.
• Congress passes Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in response
• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – Authorized the president to send U.S. troops to fight in Vietnam without a formal
declaration of war
• 1965 – More than 185,000 U.S. soldiers fighting in Vietnam
• 1968 – More than half a million U.S. soldiers fighting in Vietnam
• U.S. had best-equipped, most advanced army in the world.
Two main problems for U.S. in Vietnam
What were the
two biggest
problems facing
the U.S. in
Vietnam?
What is
Vietnamization?
Was containment
successful in
Vietnam?
Explain.
What was the
Khmer Rouge?
What kind of
government does
Cambodia have
today?
U.S. Troops in Vietnam
• The Vietcong continued to grow with support from Ho Chi Minh and the Soviet Union.
• Meanwhile, the U.S. wasn’t making any progress fighting on the ground.
• So the U.S. turned to fighting from the air and bombed millions of acres of farmland and forest to destroy enemy
hideouts.
• U.S. bombings only made South Vietnamese govt. more unpopular
The United States Withdraws
• As the Vietnam War grew increasingly unpopular in the U.S., President Nixon began withdrawing troops in
1969.
• Nixon’s plan = Vietnamization
• Vietnamization – U.S. troops would gradually pull out, as South Vietnamese increased their combat role
• The last American troops left Vietnam in 1973.
• 1975 – North Vietnamese conquered South Vietnam
• 1.5 million Vietnamese dead
• 58,000 Americans dead
Cambodia in Turmoil
• 1975 – Communist rebels set up brutal Communist govt. called Khmer Rouge
• Leader – Pol Pot
• Slaughtered 2 million people who were considered to be “enemies” of the Khmer Rouge
• 1978 – North Vietnam invaded Cambodia and overthrew Khmer Rouge.
• 1993 – Cambodia adopted a democratic constitution
Summary (Use all 3 of the vocabulary terms and CIRCLE THEM in your summary):
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