Download Nomenclature:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:
IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
Structure of IUPAC name:
Seconary prefix
Substituents
Primary prefix Primary suffix
Aliphatic/cyclic
Stem
(a) Primary suffix:
Root word for the main carbon chain
Number of carbon Root word
atoms
1
Meth2
Eth3
Prop4
But(a)5
Pent(a)6
Hex(a)7
Hept(a)-
Secondary suffix
the most important functional group
Number of carbon
atoms
8
9
10
11
12
15
16
Root word
Oct(a)Non(a)Dec(a)Undec(a)Dodec(a)Pentadec(a)
Hexadec(a)-
Types of hydrocarbon
Alkane
-an(e)
Alkene
-en(e)
Alkyne
-yn(e)
(b) Primary prefix:
(Space)
Cyclo
aliphatic
cyclic compound
(Space)
aliphatic
Cyclo
cyclic compound
Example:
H
H
H
HH
Multiplying prefix:
Number of the same
group
2
3
4
5
ethyne
C2 | alkyne
Multiplying prefix
diTriTetr(a)Pent(a)-
H
H
H
H
H
pentane
C5 | alkane
H
H
cyclohexene
cyclic | C6 | alkene
Number of the same
group
6
7
8
9
Multiplying prefix
Hex(a)Hept(a)Oct(a)Non(a)-
Classwork:
IUPAC name / page 1
Functional groups:
Functional group
*Cations
Structure
N
Carboxylic acid
Suffix
Ammonium ion
Prefix
+
-oic acid
O
OH
SO3H
*sulphonic acid
Ester
-sulphonic acid
-oate
O
R
R'
O
Acyl halide
-oyl halide
O
X
Amide
-amide
O
NH2
Aldehyde
O
-al
Oxo-
-one
Keto-
-nitrile
Cyano-
-ol
-amine
halide
HydroxyAminoHaloNitro-
H
Ketone
O
R
R'
Nitrile
R
N
OH
NH2
X
NO2
Alcohol
Amine
halide
Nitro compound
(c) Secondary suffix:
Determine which one is the most important functional group.
Label the carbon atom(s) by means of lowest position series method.
OH
1
Example:
6
OH
4
3
2
HO
1
2
2
3
5
3
4
4
1
butan-2-ol
cyclohex-3-en-1-ol
4-methylphenol
Classwork:
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
HO
O
IUPAC name / page 2
(d) Secondary prefix:
Some common substitutents:
RalkylCH3methylCH3CH2ethylFfluoroClchloroBrbromoIiodoOthers
Refer to functional group table.
IUPAC name / page 3