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Biotechnology may make it possible to customize the genetic makeup of crop plants so they can grow in exceptionally dry or wet, hot or cold climates. Agriculture Scientists have inserted the genes that code for therapeutic proteins into a variety of commonly grown crops such as tobacco, corn and soybeans. Medicine Approved in 1996, Roundup® Ready cotton is resistant to applications of Roundup® herbicide designed to kill weeds. Farmers have to spend less time plowing fields and their crop production increases. Agriculture Bovine Somatotropin (BST) BST is a naturally occurring protein hormone in cows that causes them to produce milk. BST improves milk production by as much as 20 percent and is now used by farmers in over 30% of the nation's cows. Agriculture Many animal feed products are enhanced with proteins to boost nutrition and control disease. Agriculture Corn with the Bt gene is an insectprotected variety that provides a high level of genetically introduced protection against European corn borer and corn earworm, protecting crops from ear damage and yield loss. Agriculture Lactaid® milk products produced using the enzyme lactase. Food and Consumer Goods Fruit juices are made using the enzyme pectinase which breaks down the pulp into juice. Food and Consumer Goods Fabric detergents are becoming more effective because of the addition of enzymes to their active ingredients. Contact lens solutions contain enzymes to break down proteins that build up on lenses. Food and Consumer Goods Food and Consumer Goods Using microbial fermentation to produce an abundant amount of pepsin or rennet (naturally found in a cow’s stomach) for cheese production. Microbes are grown so that their amino acids can be used to produce a product such as Equal sweetener. Food and Consumer Goods Food and Consumer Goods Using methane-producing bacteria (or methane gas from waste lagoons) to heat homes in third-world countries. Environment Microbes can clean up waste water before it enters streams and lakes. Environment Sewage plants collect methane gas to fuel generators or air compressors. Microbes are capable of cleaning up fuel spills from gas stations Environment Environment There is a fungus which is used to break down a wood preservative that contaminates the soil near old sawmills. Environment Following the major oil spill in Alaska's Prince William Sound, natural oil-eating bacteria to help clean up the mess were used. Followup studies suggest that the microbes did as good a job in cleaning up soiled beaches as high-pressure hoses and detergents could have done. Environment Flu vaccine that is not a shot- it is a nasal spray. Medicine New tests (assays) to diagnose inherited diseases and common illnesses like strep throat have been developed through Biotechnology. Medicine Monoclonal antibodies that fight cancer cells. Medicine Human Genome Project- to locate and identify every gene in the human body and what it does. Medicine Test strips that indicate the level of glucose in the blood (biosensors). Human growth hormone to counteract dwarfism. Medicine Medicine DNA found in blood evidence locates a suspect at the crime scene. Fingerprints on a murder weapon prove a suspect handled it. Forensics Forensics Scratch marks on a bullet that killed a victim are compared to a bullet fired from a weapon to see if the weapon is the murder weapon. Forensics Plaster casts of shoe prints place a suspect at the crime scene. Forensics Temperature of a corpse’s liver is measured to estimate the time of death. Forensics Areas of Biotechnology Activity Roll the dice to form 3-4 teams of 2-3 students. Have each team choose a school appropriate name. Make a score table on the board. Call on teams in order. Read the clue Team 1 gets to stand under the sign for the answer Team 2 may challenge. The team that gets the right answer gets 1 point. If the challenging team is wrong they get negative 1/2 point. The next question if for team 2, and team 3 may challenge.++