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EXAM 3 – MUSCLES - JOINTS
1. The Transverse or T-Tubules are specialized extensions of what cellular
structure in skeletal muscle cells?
a. mitochondria
b. nucleus
c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. plasma membrane
e. None of these is correct
2. The tissue surrounding the individual muscle fibers is called ____________
a. epimysium
b. perimysium
c. scarcoplasm
d. endomysium
e. endoneurium
3. The combination of electrical and mechanical activity is referred to as _____
a. motion intensity
b. excitation/contraction coupling
c. direct action
d. indirect action
e. none of these answers
4. What process creates the shortening of muscle fibres at the level of the
sarcomere?
a. motor protein motility
b. cross bridge formation between actin and myosin
c. contraction of titin fibres
d. voltage gated channel activation
e. none of the is correct
5. The ______________ is a storage structure(well) for ionic calcium utilized
in muscles
a. T – tubules
b. Sarcomere
c. Terminal cisternae
d. Z – band
e. Myoglobin
6. Which of these structures resemble a double string of pearls when seen in
muscle cells?
a. sarcoplasm
b. actin filaments
c. myosin filaments
d. transverse tubules
e. terminal cisternae
7. The thick myofilaments are made of _______________, and the thin filaments
are made of _______.
a. myosin, actin
b. actin, titin
c. actin, myosin
d. myosin, mitin
e. titin, actin
8. The impulse travels through the muscle fiber by way of the _______________
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
sarcomere
T-tubule
Synapse
Tiny nerve fibers in the individual muscle fiber
These all contribute to the above
9. The red pigment of skeletal muscle is due to _____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
hemoglobin
myoglobin
iron residue
melanin
None of the above
10. Skeletal muscles are known to be ____________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Highly mitotic
Multi – nuclear
Mono chromatic
Atypical
None of the above
Use the following key to match the term to the description that follows below,
terms may be used more than once or not at all.
A. tropomyosin
B. troponin
C. ATP
D. Calcium
E. Acetyl Choline
____11 This is the substance that is released and activates the motor end
plate.
____12 This is a strand like protein is threaded lengthwise in the muscle
fibrils and prevents the fibers from sliding over one another
____13. This is a plug like protein that is found along the thin fibrils
that must bond to an ion to help activate the system.
____14. This substance when released attaches to protein plugs and causes
it to change shape
____15. This substance provides the energy for the sliding process of the
fibrils.
Choose the best answer:
16. The action potential of the motor nerve releases what ionic particle to
assist in neurotransmitter release
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Calcium
Potassium
Barium
Chloride
Magnesium
17. The motor end plate consists of what kind of receptors?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Voltage gated
Ligand gated
Non- gated
Double gated
None of these is correct
18. The Sarcomere is bounded by what structure(s)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
titin filaments
dark bands
H – zones
Z – discs
None of these is correct
19. What enzyme is present in the synapse to deactivate the
neurotransmitter at the motor end plate
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
amylase
cholinase
acetyl cholinesterase
Acetylase
None of these is correct
20. The A band is visible due to what phenomena
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
overlapping of titin fibrils
overlapping of myosin and actin
thin strands of myosin intertwined
thick strands of actin intertwined
large amounts of myoglobin
21. What complex carbohydrate is found in muscle as its energy source
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
glycerin
starch
lactose
glycogen
dextran
22. Repetitive stimuli to the same muscle, every 10-15 milliseconds, will
cause_______________
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Staircasing
Recruitment
Spasm
Tetany
None of these phenomena are caused
23. Chemical weapons, such as Sarin or VX gas, lead to spastic paralysis
cause death by what action on muscle physiology?
A. They block acetyl choline
B. They block receptor sites from acetyl choline
C. They stop motor nerves from depolarizing
D. They inhibit acetyl choline esterases
E. Both C & D are involved
24. The action of acetyl choline on the receptor sites of the motor endplate
___________
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Allows for ATP to be released
Allows Na+ to enter at the end plate
Allows K+ to exit at the end plate
Creates an impulse that travels across the muscle cell
Both B & C are actions
25. Sodium and potassium lead to end plate potentials, this is best described
by which answer below?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Na+ enters the cell and K+ exits in a 3 to 2 ratio
Na+ enters the cell and K+ exits in a 2 to 3 ratio
K+ enters the cell and Na + exits in a 2 to 3 ratio
K+ and Na+ both enter the cell equally
K+ and Na+ both exit the cell equally
:
26. What is the name of the substance in muscle that is available to supply
energy after the available ATP is used up?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
glucose
lactic acid
glycogen
creatine phosphate
none of these is correct
27. When a muscle is stimulated before all the calcium ions are returned to
the sarcoplasmic reticulum, what phenomena may occur?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
staircasing
destabilization
calcification of the muscle fiber
end plate potentials
none of these is correct
28. Where are the binding sites located that are uncovered as tropomyosin
changes position?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
on Actin
on Myosin
on Troponin
on Tropomyosin
None of these is correct
29. What is the name of structures that are responsible for resetting the cell
chemically following depolarization and repolarization?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Sodium/Potassium Pumps
Sodium Gated channel
Potassium Gated channels
Ligand gated Pumps
None of these is correct
30 What is the underlying reason for the development of the phenomena
known as rigor mortis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Absence of available ATP to release the cross bridge
Presence of Calcium to in the T-tubules
An electrical surge similar to an action potential from spinal decay
Decomposition of the troponin
None of these is correct
31.. A non-moving joint that holds a tooth in a socket is a ______________
A. gomphosis
B. syndesmosis
C. diarthrosis
D. sychondroses
E. none of these is correct
32. What type of joint space is found in a symphyses, such as made by
an intervertebral disc.
A. synovial
B. fibrous
C. fluid-filled
D. indirect
E. none of these are found in this joint
33. Where are the cruciate ligaments found?
A. knee
B. ankle
C. elbow
D. shoulder
E. hip
34. The menisci, both medial and lateral are found in what joint?
A. knee
B. ankle
C. elbow
D. shoulder
E. hip
35. What is the most frequently occurring type of arthritic deterioration
A. rheumatoid arthritis
B. rheumatic arthritis
C. gouty arthritis
D. osteoarthritis
E. osteomyelitis
36. Gouty arthritis is classified as _______________
A. crystal induced arthritis
B. inflammatory arthritis
C. non-articular arthritis
D. A and B
E. A, B And C
37. In Rheumatoid arthritis, what is the first sign of the disease? What
is noticeable first in the joint, as per lecture?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
swelling in the joint
narrowing of the joint
squaring or degenerative change in the joint
blood in the joint
none of these is correct
38. Which of these is not a treatment for osteoarthritis
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
heat
exercise
anti-inflammatory agents
reconstructive or replacement joint surgery
all of these are possible treatments
Use the following table to match the joints to the classification that they are in,
answers may be used once, twice or not at all.
A. hinged
B. ball and socket
C. gliding or sliding
D. pivoting
E. condyloid
39. elbow
40. the hip
41. the atlanto-axial joint
42. the metacarpo-phalangeal joints
Answer the remaining questions either A(true) or B( false)
___43. All synovial joints have a joint space
___44. Ligaments may be found both inside and outside of a joint
___45. Troponin plugs stabilize myosin heads
___46. ATP is needed to “cock” the myosin heads prior to attaching to actin
filaments
___47. The choline is reabsorbed and recycled to make more neurotransmitter
___48. Depolarization is brought on by a large in flow of Potassium ions
___49. Calcium is important to both the nerve and muscle firing
___50. “A” bands appear darker than “I” bands, microscopically.