Download Study Guide for Genetics

Molecular Genetics Study Guide
1. Structure of DNA / Nucleic Acids: P. 52, 53, 210 - 216
- compare and contrast composition, structure and function of DNA and RNA
- role of Watson and Crick, Franklin, Chargaff
terms: antiparallel
purines / pyrimidines
phosphodiester and glycosyl bonds
5 prime and 3 prime ends
nucleotides
Questions: p.216 #1-3,5,6,7
2. DNA replication: P. 217 - 223
- describe process of duplication
- describe role of specific enzymes like DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, gyrase, primase
terms: semiconservative
leading and lagging strands
RNA primers
replication fork
single-stranded binding proteins
Okazaki fragments
Questions: p.223 #1,2,4-7
Review p.229 (all except #7) and p.230 (all except 19)
3. Protein Synthesis: P. 237 - 244, 250 - 254
- meaning of central dogma
- events in transcription: initiation, elongation, termination
- post-transcriptional modifications
terms: introns and exons
spliceosomes
template and primary transcript
termination sequence
promoter site
role of RNA polymerase
5 prime guanine cap, poly A tail
transcription bubble
- events in translation process: initiation, elongation, termination P. 250 - 254
- role of tRNA, mRNA, ribosomes, RNA polymerase
terms: codons and anticodons
start codons and stop codons
initiation sites and termination sites, release factors
A site, P site, E site
promoter regions - TATA and CAAT box
release factors
nonsense codons
Questions: p. 236 #1 p.241 #1-11,13 p.249 #1-8 p.254 #1-4,6-9
4. Regulation of Protein Synthesis: P. 321, 255 - 258
- role of repressor and activator proteins, RNA polymerase
- regulatory and operator and promoter sites
- structure and function of an operon
- Lac and Trp operons (negative and positive control)
- categories of gene transcription: constitutively expressed genes (house keeping), inducible, repressible
Questions: p.258 #1-5
5. Mutations: P. 259 - 263
- spontaneous and induced mutations
- types of mutations: silent, point, missense, nonsense, frameshift, chromosomal, translocation
(transposons), inversions, dimers
- categories and effects of mutagens: chemical, ionizing, UV radiation
- repair mechanisms
- oncogenes
Questions: p.263 #1-9
6. Gene Organization and Chromosome structure: P. 266 - 267
- histones, nucleosomes, supercoils
- variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs)
- telomeres, centromeres, pseudogenes
- Sines and Lines
Questions: p.267 #1,3-5
Review p.274-275 #1-7,10,11,14,15,18,21
7. Biotechnology: P. 276 - 291, 298 - 309
- definition of biotechnology, main areas of research
- definition / application of recombinant DNA
- restriction endonucleases, methylases, DNA ligase, plasmids, cloning as tools for biotechnology
- recognition sites (palindromic sequences)
- sticky and blunt ends
- competency, transformation
- process of gel electrophoresis - technique and applications
- polymerase chain reaction (purpose and how it works)
- restriction fragment length polymorphism, southern blotting (purpose and application)
- DNA sequencing with Sanger dideoxy method (purpose and application)
- Human Genome Project
- medical applications of biotechnology
- agricultural and forensic applications
Questions: p. 281 #1-3,5 p.282 #6,9,10 p.284 #11,15 p.287 #16,17 p.289 #20,21
Review p.291 #1,2,3a,5,7-9,12a,14 p.295 #1,3
p.298 #1,3
p.300 #7,9,11,13,14
Review p.319 #1-7,9-11,13,14
p.320 #1,3,4,6-8,10,13,14,20,23,27,28
p.309 #2,8