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Biology 1406: Biology I
Study Guide for Chapter 12 and 13
Why This Chapter Matters
1. Cell replication is a normal part of maintaining a healthy body.
2. Mitosis and meiosis permit asexual and sexual reproduction.
3. Errors in cell division can lead to cancer, infertility, abortion, or the
production of
children with serious genetic disorders.
4. Understanding the details of cell division helps us recognize the causes
of these problems
and helps us develop better strategies to address the challenges they
produce.
Chapter Objectives
What Cell Reproduction Accomplishes
1. Describe the roles of cell division in living organisms.
2. Compare the cellular processes and cellular products of asexual and sexual
reproduction.
The Cell Cycle and Mitosis
4. Describe the basic structure of a chromosome. Explain how DNA is packaged
into an
elaborate, multilevel system of coiling and folding.
5. Explain how and when chromosomes are duplicated.
6. Describe the key events of each phase of the cell cycle.
7. Describe the key events of each phase of mitosis.
8. Compare the processes of cytokinesis in animal and plant cells.
Meiosis, the Basis of Sexual Reproduction
13. Distinguish between the following pairs of terms: sex chromosomes versus
autosomes,
somatic cells versus gametes, and diploid versus haploid cells.
14. Explain why the production of haploid gametes is necessary in sexually
reproducing organisms.
15. Compare the processes and products of meiosis I and meiosis II.
16. Compare the overall processes and products of meiosis and mitosis.
Key Terms
anaphase
asexual reproduction
autosome
benign tumor
cancer
cell cycle
cell division
cell plate
centromere
chromatin
chromosome
cleavage furrow
crossing over
cytokinesis
diploid
fertilization
gamete
genetic recombination
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
haploid
homologous
chromosome
interphase
karyotype
life cycle
meiosis
metaphase
mitosis
mitotic (M) phase
mitotic spindle
nondisjunction
prophase
sex chromosome
sexual reproduction
somatic cell
trisomy 21
zygote
CHAPTER 8 Cellular Reproduction: Cells from Cells
91
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Study Guide 12 and 13.doc
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Key Learning of the Unit:
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Review Sheet Cell Division Chromosomes
Cell Division 1. In your own words, define cell division. What two
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