Download Name - Valhalla Middle School

Name _______________
Mr. Hayes/Mr. D’Ascoli/Mrs. Walsh
Social Studies/U.S. History
Date __________
Chapter 28, Section 1 Study Guide
The Cold War and the
American Dream (1945-1960):
Peacetime Adjustments and the Cold War
Essential Question:
1) How can we achieve world peace?
Directions: Answer ALL of the following questions based on reading Chapter 28,
Section 1, pages 789-794. All questions are in chronological order. If you miss a
question, make sure you go back and re-read!!!
1) When WWII ended in 1945, what did many industries/factories start doing?
2) As over 10 million war veterans returned home looking for work, what happened
to female workers? (What jobs were they able to retain?)
3) At the end of WWII, many economists feared that the U.S. would sink back into a
recession/depression. Why do YOU think they feared this? (Hypothesize)
4) The U.S. economy after WWII did not “bust,” but actually “boomed” for quite
some time. Identify the numerous reasons why the U.S. economy “boomed.”
a.
b.
c.
How did the G.I. Bill of Rights help the economy?
5) During WWII, the U.S. Government froze wage increases (no one could get a
raise). The Government also froze prices of goods during the war. Why do you
think unions agreed NOT to go on strike during WWII? (Hypothesize)
6) When WWII was over, why did unions go on strike? (Why are they upset?)
7) Did President Truman like or dislike unions? ________ What did he threaten to
do if railroad workers went on strike? (Why do YOU think he threatened this?)
8) Describe in your own words the status of African Americans after WWII.
9) What 4 things did Harry Truman attempt to do for African Americans?
a. _________________________
b. _________________________
c. _________________________
d. _________________________
10) Of the 4, which 2 was Truman successful at achieving?
a. _________________________
b. _________________________
11) Why did the other 2 proposals fail? Although these proposals did fail, why was it
so important?
12) How did the Taft-Hartley Act limit the power of unions?
a.
b.
13) In the 1948 Presidential Election, Democrat _______________ ran against
Republican _______________, who was favored to win.
14) What was the Republican strategy to defeat President Truman in the 1948
Presidential Election? (Hint: Truman called the Republican Congress the, “Do
Nothing Congress.”)
15) Who won the 1948 Presidential Election? ____________________
16) Identify President Harry Truman’s Fair Deal goals:
a. ____________________
b. ____________________
c. ____________________
d. Fair Deal, success or failure? _______________
Origins of the Cold War! You Need to Know This!
16) The United States has what type of government?
a. Democracy
b. Monarchy
c. Democratic Republic
d. Totalitarian Dictatorship
e. Oligarchy
17) What type of economy does the United States have?
a. Mercantilist
b. Communist
c. Capitalist
d. Socialist
18) What was the most difficult issue for the Allies to resolve amongst themselves
after World War II?
19) What did Joseph Stalin promise for the Eastern European Countries that the
Soviets freed from Nazi rule? (The Yalta Agreement)
20) What did Stalin do instead?
21) Using the map on page 792, identify 7 Eastern European Countries:
a. _______________
e. _______________
b. _______________
f. _______________
c. _______________
g. _______________
d. _______________
22) What did Stalin fear if Eastern European countries were allowed free elections?
23) What did President Truman and the United States fear Stalin was trying to do?
24) Identify the Cold War –
25) What did Prime Minister Winston Churchill of Britain call the Soviet Union?
____________________
26) Why do YOU think Winston Churchill used that metaphor? What was he trying
to say about the Soviet Union and Eastern/Central Europe?
27) Identify 3 Steps Harry Truman and the U.S. took to stop the spread of
communism in countries around the world:
a. Containment –
b. Truman Doctrine –
c. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) –
28) How did the Soviet Union respond to the formation of the NATO alliance of
democratic countries?
29) What is a major problem with alliances, a lesson the world learned from WWI?
30) What was the goal/purpose of the Marshall Plan? (Why are we (the U.S.) giving
$$$ away to western and southern European countries?)
31) How many zones was Germany divided up into after WWII? ___
32) Who controlled the 4 zones of Germany?
a. _______________
b. _______________
c. _______________
d. _______________
e. Whose zone did Berlin, the capital of Germany, lie inside of? _________
33) Berlin, the capital of Germany, was also divided between up between the Allied
countries. What did Stalin do to try and force the Western European countries out
of Berlin?
34) What did Harry Truman and the NATO countries decide to do, also known as the
Berlin Airlift?
35) What was the final result for Germany? (What did the Soviet Union and the
NATO alliance countries decide on, rather than fight WWIII?)
36) Why were Americans fearful of Communists living in the United States?
37) Who was Alger Hiss and what was he convicted for?
38) Who were Ethel and Julius Rosenberg and what were they convicted for?
39) What did Harry Truman do to, “look tough on communists?” (What’s wrong with
this?)
40) Identify the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) –