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Table 2 - Genes down-regulated during the secretory phase ACCN. FOLDGENE DOWN M77349 J02611 X57766 X15998 X52022 AJ000342 AL050214 D21255 M69148 J00123 -24.4 -18.7 TGFBI -transforming growth factor, betainduced, 68kDa APOD apolipoprotein D -11.9 MMP11-matrix metalloproteinase 11 (stromelysin 3) -10.8 CSPG2-chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 2 (versican) -8.0 -8.0 -7.9 -7.6 -6.4 -6.4 COL6A3-collagen, type VI, alpha 3 DMBT1-deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 DKFZP586H2123 protein CDH11-cadherin 11, type 2, OB-cadherin (osteoblast) MDK -midkine (neurite growthpromoting factor 2) PENK -proenkephalin U57646 -6.4 CSRP2-cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 AI362017 AF004430 -5.6 -5.3 CST3-cystatin C TPD52L2-tumor BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION/ PATHWAY (NETAFFX) REGULATION BY P. IN ENDOMETRIUM (LITERATURE) Negative regulation of cell adhesion. Cell proliferation. Integrin binding. Decreased >80% during the early to midluteal transition Lipid metabolism. Transport. Development. Embryogenesis and morphogenesis. Collagen catabolism. Heterophilic cell adhesion. Development. Cell recognition. Cell adhesion. Muscle development. [18,20] Up-regulated during window of implantation [11] Suppressed by P in secretory phase [18,20] [46,47] Down-regulated by P in Ishikawa cells [56] Down-regulated during decidualization in rat [57] Up-regulated in secretory phase [58] Proteolysis and peptidolysis. Up-regulated by P in cultured stroma Cell adhesion. Regulation of cell cycle. Signal transduction. Cellcell signalling. Neurogenesis. Cell proliferation. Cell differentiation. Signal transduction. Neuropeptide signalling pathway. Cell-cell signalling. Muscle development. Cell proliferation. Cell growth. Cell differentiation. Extracellular matrix remodelling. Cell proliferation [59] Decreased in secretory phase [20] Restricted to proliferative phase [48] [18,20] Down-regulated in window of implantation [11,19] Suppressed by progesterone [60] protein D52-like 2 AF027208 -5.3 X16155 -5.0 PROM1-prominin 1 NR2F1 (COUP-TF)nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 1 X63556 -4.7 FBN1-fibrillin 1 (Marfan syndrome) -4.4 ALDH1A1-aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 -4.3 KPNA2-karyopherin alpha 2 (RAG cohort 1, importin alpha 1) -4.1 WNT5A -winglesstype MMTV integration site family, member 5A L02870 -4.0 COL7A1-collagen, type VII, alpha 1 AF041243 -3.7 X70683 -3.7 M20777 -3.6 HCRTR1-hypocretin (orexin) receptor 1 SOX4-SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 4 COL6A2-collagen, type VI, alpha 2 L04658 -3.6 CDK5-cyclindependent kinase 5 AB002134 -3.5 AJ005670 -3.4 D87119 -3.3 K03000 U28386 L20861 HAT -airway trypsinlike protease DACH -Dachshund homolog (Drosophila) TRB2-tribbles homolog 2 Integral to plasma membrane. Regulation of transcription, DNAdependent. Signal transduction Skeletal development. Development. Vision. Aldehyde metabolism. Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis. Regulation of DNA recombination. G2 phase of mitotic cell cycle. DNA metabolism. Intracellular protein transport. Spindle pole body and microtubule cycle. Frizzled-2 signalling pathway. Cell-cell signalling. Development. Embryogenesis and morphogenesis. Wnt Signalling Cell adhesion. Epidermal differentiation. Neuropeptide signalling pathway. Synaptic transmission. Regulation of transcription, DNAdependent. Muscle development. Cytokinesis. Protein amino acid phosphorylation. Cell cycle. Proteolysis and peptidolysis. Respiratory gaseous exchange. Cell growth and/or maintenance. Protein amino acid phosphorylation. Decreased in luteal phase [18] AL049998 -3.2 J03040 -3.2 PIK3C2A phosphoinositide-3kinase, class 2, alpha polypeptide SPARC -secreted protein, acidic, richrich (osteonectin) X06700 -3.1 COL3A1-collagen, type III, alpha 1 Y12505 -3.1 HTR4-5hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 4 AB023149 -3.1 U30521 -3.1 Y12711 -3.0 AA704137 -3.0 D10522 -2.9 L36033 -2.9 Y11999 -2.9 X05610 -2.9 Z24727 -2.9 AB017563 -2.8 TLL2-tolloid-like 2 C5orf13chromosome 5 open reading frame 13 PGRMC1progesterone receptor membrane component 1 THY1-Thy-1 cell surface antigen MARCKS myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate CXCL12-chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (stromal cellderived factor 1) ITPKC -inositol 1,4,5trisphosphate 3kinase C COL4A2-collagen, type IV, alpha 2 TPM1-tropomyosin 1 (alpha) IGSF4immunoglobulin phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis. Intracellular signalling cascade. Ossification. Histogenesis and organogenesis. Circulation. Inflammatory response pathway GPCRs Class A Rhodopsin-like. Monoamine GPCRs. Proteolysis and peptidolysis. Repressed by P. in rat [11,53] Cell motility. Calcium ion homeostasis. Chemotaxis. inflammatory response. Immune response. Cell adhesion. G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway. Cell-cell signalling. Circulation. Regulation of actin polymerization. Extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis. Regulation of muscle contraction. Decreased in luteal phase [18] Z83844 D78014 -2.6 superfamily, member 4 LGALS1-lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 1 (galectin 1) -2.6 DPYSL3dihydropyrimidinaselike 3 X87838 -2.6 X60435 -2.5 M25915 -2.5 CTNNB1-catenin (cadherin-associated protein), beta 1, 88kDa ADCYAP1-adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (pituitary) CLU -clusterin (complement lysis inhibitor, SP-40,40, sulfated glycoprotein 2, testosteronerepressed prostate message 2, apolipoprotein J) IGFBP4-insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 NCOR2-nuclear receptor co-repressor 2 PKP3-plakophilin 3 U20982 -2.5 U37146 Z98265 -2.4 -2.4 K02581 -2.4 AF016507 -2.4 TK1-thymidine kinase 1, soluble CTBP2-C-terminal binding protein 2 S79639 -2.3 EXT1-exostoses (multiple) 1 Apoptosis. Heterophilic cell adhesion. Nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism. Signal transduction. Neurogenesis. Regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter. Cell adhesion. TGF Beta signalling pathway. Wnt Signalling. Lipid metabolism. Apoptosis. Complement activation, classical pathway. Fertilization. Cell death. Skeletal development. Regulation of cell growth. DNA metabolism. Signal transduction. Cell proliferation. Cell adhesion. DNA metabolism. Pyrimidine metabolism Negative regulation of cell proliferation. Skeletal development. Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. Signal transduction. Cell growth and/or maintenance. Negative regulation of cell cycle. AL120815 -2.3 D44466 -2.2 U10688 -2.2 AF053944 AF026692 -2.2 -2.2 U73824 -2.2 M76125 -2.2 X59543 -2.1 U18244 -2.1 U68186 -2.1 D87969 -2.1 J04599 X51688 -2.1 -2.1 LITAF lipopolysaccharideinduced TNF factor PSMD1-proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 1 MAGEA4-melanoma antigen, family A, 4 AEBP1-AE binding protein 1 SFRP4-secreted frizzled-related protein 4 EIF4G2-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma, 2 AXL -AXL receptor tyrosine kinase RRM1-ribonucleotide reductase M1 polypeptide SLC1A6-solute carrier family 1 (high affinity aspartate/glutamate transporter), member 6 ECM1-extracellular matrix protein 1 C6orf165chromosome 6 open reading frame 165 Regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter. Proteasome degradation. Skeletal development. Proteolysis and peptidolysis. Cell adhesion. Muscle development. Signal transduction. Development. Embryo implantation. Wnt signalling. Regulation of protein biosynthesis. Regulation of translational initiation. Cell cycle arrest. Cell death. [51,52] [11,18,20] DNA replication. Purine metabolism. Pyrimidine metabolism. Nucleotide metabolism. Dicarboxylic acid transport. Synaptic transmission. Laspartate transport. L-glutamate transport. Down-regulated during window of implantation [11] BGN -biglycan CCNA2-cyclin A2 Down-regulated in secretory phase Regulation of CDK activity. Cytokinesis. Mitosis. Mitotic G2 checkpoint. Cell cycle AB005043 -2.1 SOCS1-suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 M77698 -2.1 YY1-YY1 transcription factor M36341 -2.0 Y14690 -2.0 ARF4-ADPribosylation factor 4 COL5A2-collagen, type V, alpha 2 Regulation of cell growth. Intracellular signalling cascade. JAK-STAT cascade. Regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter. Antimicrobial humoral response. Intracellular protein transport. Small GTPase mediated signal transduction. Cell growth and/or maintenance. ACCN. : GenBank accession number Additional reference list: 56. EE Hanekamp, SC Gielen, E Smid-Koopman, LC Kuhne, PE de Ruiter, S Chadha-Ajwani, AO Brinkmann, JA Grootegoed, CW Burger, FJ Huikeshoven, LJ Blok: Consequences of loss of progesterone receptor expression in development of invasive endometrial cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2003, 9: 41904199. 57. J Mulholland, JD Aplin, S Ayad, L Hong, SR Glasser: Loss of collagen type VI from rat endometrial stroma during decidualization. Biol Reprod 1992, 46: 1136-1143. 58. CI Ace, WC Okulicz: A progesterone-induced endometrial homolog of a new candidate tumor-suppressor, DMBT1. J Clin Endocrin Metab 1998, 83: 35693573. 59. GT Chen, S Getsios, CD MacCalman: Cadherin-11 is a hormonally regulated cellular marker of decidualization in human endometrial stromal cells. Mol Reprod Dev 1999, 52: 158-165. 60. OD Slayden, K Hettrich, RS Carroll, LN Otto, AL Clark, RM Brenner: Estrogen enhances cystatin C expression in the macaque vagina. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004, 89: 883-891.