Download NOTES: THE CELL

NOTES: THE CELL
cell = the smallest unit of life capable of
carrying out all of the functions of living things
The cell theory states:
1) Cells are the basic units of all life.
2) All organisms are made of one or more cells.
3) All cells come from other cells.
There are two main kinds of cells:
1) Prokaryotic cells
bacteria cells
2)Eukaryotic cells
plant cells
animal cells
Prokaryotes are made of prokaryotic cells.
prokaryote = an organism whose cells do not
contain a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
example: bacteria
Eukaryotes are made of eukaryotic cells.
eukaryote = an organism whose cells have a
nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane and
other membrane-bound organelles
examples: all plants and animals
Prokaryotes/
Prokaryotic Cells
-no nucleus
Eukaryotes/
Eukaryotic Cells
-has a nucleus
-less advanced, does -more organized, has
not have many
many organelles
organelles
-smaller than
eukaryotes
-larger than
prokaryotes
example: bacteria
example: plant and
animal cells
theory of endosymbiosis: the belief of
biologists that the mitochondria and chloroplast
were once prokaryotic cells which became
engulfed by eukaryotic cells and developed
within the eukaryotic cell
NOTES: The Eukaryotic Cell
There are two main types of eukaryotic cells:
1) animal cells
2) plant cells
Plant and animal cells can be distinguished by the
organelles they contain.
organelle = the structures that make up cells (“little
organs”)
Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts, and large
vacuoles while animal cells do not.