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Plants Flip Folder 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Plant Organs a. Roots, taproots, lateral roots b. Root modifications c. Stems, axillary buds, apical buds d. Stem Modifications e. Leaves, blade, petiole, stalk; simple vs. compound f. Leaf modifications Plant Tissues and cells a. Dermal tissue, epidermis, cuticle, periderm b. Vascular tissue, xylem, phloem, stele c. Ground tissue, pith, cortex d. P(photocynthesis)arenchyma, colenchyma, s(stem)chlerenchyma e. Xylem f. Phloem, sieve plates Meristems a. Indeterminate, determinate growth b. Annuals, biennials, perennials c. Apical meristems d. Primary vs. secondary growth e. Vascular cambium vs. cork cambium Primary Growth a. Root cap b. Leaf primordial c. Stomata, guard cells, mesophyll Secondary Growth a. Vascular cambium growth b. Cork cambium growth, bark, dendrochronology Resource acquisition a. Above ground, phyllotaxy, b. leaf area index c. mychorrhizae Transport a. Transport proteins, membrane potential b. Osmosis c. Water potential, plasmolysis, flaccid, turgid, aquaporins, plasmodesmata d. Apoplast vs. symplast e. Bulk flow Water and mineral transport a. Endodermis b. Nutrient filtering and the casparian strip c. Xylem sap, root pressure d. TRANSPIRATIONAL PULL e. STOMATA and TRANSPIRATION f. xerophytes Sugar transport a. Phloem Sap b. Sugar Sink c. Sugar source 10. Soil 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. a. Humus b. Topsoil c. Soil horizons d. loams Essential Plant Nutrients a. Macronutrients b. micronutrients Plant Symbiosis a. Rhizobacteria b. Nitrogen cycle and N-Fixing bacteria c. Ectomycorrhizae and arbuscular mychorrhizae d. Epiphytes, parasitic plants, and carnivorous plants Angiosperm Life Cycle a. Female and male gametophytes b. Flower anatomy c. Complete flowers vs incomplete flowers d. Pollen, pollen tube e. Embryo sac Flower Pollination a. Wind, bees, butterflies, birds, flies, and bats b. Double fertilization, endosperm Seeds a. Seed anatomy, diagram b. Cotyledons, seed coat c. Seed germination, describe the germination of a garden bean Fruit Development a. Define fruit b. Simple, aggregate, multiple, and accessory fruits c. Fruit and seed dispersal Plant Biotechnology a. Golden rice b. grafting Monocots vs. Dicots a. Definitions b. Traits that define each Plant Hormones a. AUXINS, cytokinins, GIBBERELINS, Brassinosteroids, ABSCISIC ACID, ETHYLENE b. Describe what each does for a plant Response to Light a. Photoreceptors and phytochromes b. PHOTOPERIODISM and control of plant life cycles Response to herbivores a. Hypersensitive response b. System acquired resistance c. Salicylic acid