Download Name____________________________ Hour

Name____________________________ Hour___________
HONORS Biology Final Exam Review- Units 9 & 10 (DNA and Protein Synthesis)
12.1-DNA
Define
Transformation- ___________________________________________________________________________
Bacteriophage- ____________________________________________________________________________
Nucleotide- _______________________________________________________________________________
Base pairing- _____________________________________________________________________________
Answer
1. Know what each scientist used in their experiments and what their conclusions were.
a. Griffith-____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
b. Avery-______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Hershey and Chase- ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. How did Watson and Crick’s model of DNA explain why Adenine and Thymine are found in equal
amounts and so are Cytosine and? _______________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why did Hershey and Chase grow viruses in cultures that contained both radioactive phosphorus and
radioactive sulfur? ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
12.2-Chromosomes and DNA Replication
Define
Chromatin- ___________________________________________________________________________
Chromosome- ___________________________________________________________________________
Replication- ___________________________________________________________________________
Answer
1. Where is eukaryotic DNA found? _______________________Prokaryotes?____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. How are the long DNA molecules found in eukaryotes packed into short chromosomes? ___________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. How are histones related to nucleosomes? _______________________________________________
What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication? __________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. How is the structure of chromosomes in eukaryotes different from the structure of chromosomes in
prokaryotes? ______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. Explain how the two sides of DNA are complementary. ______________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
6. Explain the 5 steps of DNA replication.
a. ______________________________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________________________
d. ______________________________________________________________________________
e. ______________________________________________________________________________
12.3-RNA and Protein Synthesis
Define
gene- ____________________________________________________________________________________
messenger RNA- ___________________________________________________________________________
ribosomal RNA- ___________________________________________________________________________
transfer RNA- ______________________________________________________________________________
transcription- What is being made? ______________________________Where?_______________________
Translation What is being made? _____________________________Where?_______________________
RNA polymerase- ___________________________________________________________________________
Intron- ___________________________________________________________________________________
Exon- ___________________________________________________________________________________
Answer
1. What molecule has the code? ___________codon? ___________anti-codon? ___________
2. Describe at least three main differences between DNA and RNA. _____________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Identify the amino acids that have the following messenger RNA strand codes: UGGCAGUGC
_________________,___________________________,__________________________
12.4-Mutations
Define
mutation- _________________________________________________________________________________
point mutation- ____________________________________________________________________________
Three types of point mutations are ________________, ________________ and ________________
frameshift mutation- ________________________________________________________________________
Two types mutations that cause a frameshift are _________________, and _________________
Answer
1. How can mutations affect living things? __________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. A persons DNA fingerprint can be identified because each individual had a different number of
____________________/_________DNA, between the genes in their DNA.
Bology Final Exam Review, DNA and Protein Synthesis (part 2)
DNA-Fill in the following chart
What are the building blocks?
1. What is the name of the sugar part of the building block?
2. What are the names of the 4 possible nitrogen bases of the
building block?
3. What makes up the 3rd part of the building block?
1.
2.
3.
What is the scientific name that describes the shape of the
structure?
What does DNA hold instructions for making?
Where in the cell is it found?
Eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes?
Who was given the Nobel Prize for discovering the structure of
1.
DNA?
2.
3.
Write the letter of the complimentary base
A--_____
C--_____
T--_____
G--_____
Which bases are purines?
Which bases are pyrimidines?
Which cells in your body have DNA?
1. What is a purine? _______________________________________________________________What is a
pyrimidine? ____________________________________Does a purine pair up with another purine or with a
pyrimidine? ______________how do you know? _________________________________________________________
3. What are some uses for DNA fingerprinting?____________________________________________________,
__________________________________________________, ______________________________________________
4. Can two different people have the same DNA fingerprint? _______Explain __________________________________
5. Genes that make our body function appropriately make up approximately _________% of our DNA.
6. Genes that give us our unique physical characteristics make up approximately ______% of our DNA.
7. What part of the DNA determines the fingerprint pattern, genes or repeating segments? __________________
8. Does “junk” DNA represent the parts of DNA that make us the same, or the parts that make us different?__________
Protein Synthesis
1. Name 3 parts of an RNA nucleotide. a._________________ b.__________________
c.____________________
2. How many types of RNA are there?_____ list them ____________________________________
3. What part of the DNA strand makes up the genetic code? _____________________________
4. How many possible codons are there? ________ What does a codon code for? ________________
5. What are the building blocks of proteins?____________________________What type of bond holds them
together?_________________
6. What type of RNA has the codon? __________________________
How can there be 64 codons that code for only 20 amino acids? _____________________________________________
7. What type of RNA has the anti codon and brings amino acids to the ribosome? _________________
8. Where in the cell are proteins assembled? ______________What is this called? ________________
9. Where in the cell does translation take place? ____________
12. What is complementary base sequence to DNA=
C--C--T--G--A--A--A--T--C
________________________
13. Transcribe the original DNA sequence from above into mRNA____________________________
14. Where in the cell does transcription take place? ___________
15. Translate the above mRNA sequence from above into tRNA, then list the amino acids that would be carried with
each anticodon.tRNA ______________________________, amino acids___________________________________
Name the structures in the diagram
D.__________
the molecule attached to
the top
A.__________
_
B.__________ C.__________
_
_
16. Using the following DNA strand, show a point mutation that causes a frameshift.
Use the following nitrogen bases as your DNA C G A A G A C G A G G G
a. First list the original amino acids the original DNA strand codes for before mutation
__________________________________________________________________________
b. What type of mutation you are showing?_______________________
c. Show the newly mutated strand of DNA _____________________________________________________
d.
The new mRNA and tRNA strands: mRNA__________________________________________
tRNA__________________________________________
e. List the amino acids the mutated strand codes for.__________________________________________________
17. Mutations in __________cells can be passed on to your offspring, but mutations in your ___________cells cannot.