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Human Biology Skin Test Review 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The outer, tough protective layer of skin. Epidermis Cells in the epidermis that produce melanin. Melanocytes The middle layer of skin made up of blood vessels, nerve endings and connective tissue. Dermis Cells in the epidermis that produce keratin, a protein found in hair and nails. Keratinocytes The bottom layer of skin, made up of fat cells, connective tissue, blood vessels & sweat glands. Fat layer or subcutaneous layer 6. Glands in the dermis that produce oil to soften hair and skin. Sebaceous glands 7. Two fibres that help the skin stretch and reposition itself. Collagen and elastin 8. Name of oil produced by the sebaceous glands. Sebum 9. Our body’s first line of defence against infection. Skin 10. Name three function of skin. Protection, characteristics, sensations, temperature regulation excretion 11. How often is the epidermis shed? Every 28 days 12. The brown pigment produced in the epidermis that gives skin its color. Melanin 13. Receptors in your skin that sense physical touch and pressure. Mechanoreceptors 14. Receptors in your skin that respond to pain. Pain receptors 15. Receptors in your skin that respond to hot and cold temperatures. Temperature receptors 16. Receptors in your skin that respond to taste and smell. Chemoreceptors 17. Why do we shiver when we are cold? To warm up, muscle movements generate heat 18. These UV rays penetrate deep into the skin and cause 90% of damage (aging). UVA 19. These UV rays are not of concern because they are blocked by the ozone. UVC 20. These UV rays damage the outer layer of skin and cause sunburns. UVB 21. A scale used to inform people about the intensity of UV radiation each day. UV index 22. The most intense hours of UV exposure during the day. 11am to 1pm 23. Four ways to prevent sun damage to your skin. Sunscreen, hat, glasses, avoid peak hours, shade. 24. The most common form of skin cancer, 80% of all new cases. Basal cell carcinoma 25. Second most common form of skin cancer, scaly lump or patch. Squamous cell carcinoma 26. Most deadly form of skin cancer that can spread to other parts of the body. Melanoma 27. Area or zone on your face where many people break out; has lots of sebaceous glands. T – zone 28. Exposing your skin to sunlight can cause it to make this vitamin. Vitamin D 29. Strong hard fibre in the skin that helps skin stay in position. Collagen 30. These can happen to our skin if it is stretched too quickly. Stretch marks 31. Fibre in your skin that allows it to stretch and reposition itself. Elastin 32. A HPV virus can cause these bumps to break out on your skin, usually on your hands. Warts 33. Areas of the body where most skin cancer occurs. Head, neck, face, feet 34. A skin condition that produces dry, itchy red patches. Eczema 35. What 3 things can make acne worse? Over washing, over scrubbing, popping pimples, too many products 36. A deep puncture wound made in the skin and filled with ink. Tattoo 37. Protein in the top layer of skin, hair, and nails Keratin 38. Skin condition causd by a type of herpes virus (HSV-1) Cold Sore 39. Cell that protects against infection Langerhans cells 40. Name 3 areas of the bondy that are very sensitive- Tougue, lips, fingertips, palm of hand 41. Name 3 areas of the bondy that are not very sensitive- Back of neck, back of hand, upper arm and inner forearm Be able to label Pimple formation and skin diagram