Download to Unit 9 - Imperialism Lecture Notes

Name _______________________
Date ______________ Pd ______
World History
What is Imperialism & Why Did the Industrial Nations Imperialize?
I. What is Imperialism?
 From 1850 to 1914, the strong, ________________ countries of the world (__________, France, Germany, _____)
dominated many of the weaker countries of the world & _______________ all aspects of their lives
II.
A.



Why did the Industrialized Nations of Europe Imperialize?
Nationalism
Each country in Europe wanted to be the most important & ___---------------Having a lot of overseas ___________ showed power
This turned into an all-out __________ for the best _______________ & most numerous colonies
B. Economic Competition
 The ___________________________ caused a huge demand for more ____________________ so countries could
make more factory-produced goods
 The Industrial Revolution caused a huge demand for new ________________________ to sell their finished goods
C. Missionary Spirit
 _______________ missionaries attempted to convert the “_____________” natives in the world by setting up churches,
______________, & hospitals
 Europeans believed in “_________________________” that __________ are the most superior race
 Europeans believed in the “_________________________” that they had a _______________ to civilize the world
IMPERIALISM IN AFRICA
I. Interest in Africa & the Congress of Berlin
 Until the 1800s, little was known about Africa except its __________ areas; until David ________________ began to
explore the unknown areas in Africa, causing a huge interest in Africa & a ___________ for colonies from 1880-1914
 Starting in 1885, 14 European nations ________________ (divided) Africa; By 1914—____% of Africa was controlled by
Europeans
 The Congress of Berlin
 By 1885, this scramble for African colonies became so _________, that 12 major European countries, the USA,
Russia, & Ottoman Empire met to “define the ______ of the game” regarding imperialism in Africa
 This Congress of Berlin settled issues such as navigation & __________, future colonization of Africa—but it was not
attended by any _______________
II. Imperialism in Africa
A. Belgium
 After David Livingstone’s reports of the potential of central Africa, _________ became the first country to colonize
Africa, claiming the ____________ (in 1879)
 Medicine & new ________________ allowed explorers to go further inland to explore
B. France
 Soon, France gained __________, Tunisia, Morocco (where 1 million French settled); dreamed of a huge French
empire stretching _________________ across Africa near the Sahara Desert
 In 1859, a French company built the Suez Canal to connect the _______ Sea & the _____________ Sea
C. England
1. England in northern Africa
o England had important colonies in India & Australia so the ____________ was very important
o In 1882, __________ gained control of the Suez Canal & made _________ a protectorate, took control of Sudan, &
parts of East Africa
2. England in South Africa
o British entrepreneur _____________ moved to South Africa & made his fortune in __________ mines
o Cecil Rhodes & many others in the British government wanted to create a huge African empire from __________
(in Egypt) to __________________ (in South Africa)
3. Fashoda Incident
o The race for ___________________________ led to a near ______ between France & England called the
Fashoda Incident:
 England’s north-south “empire” _____________________ France’s east-west “empire” near the town of
Fashoda in the ___________
 This incident showed how _____________ imperialism was to Europeans
D. Other Countries Imperialize
o These nations gained minor colonies:
 Spain & Portugal due to ________________________ & bad kings
 Germany & Italy because they were the last 2 nations in Europe to __________
III. Effects of Imperialism—So, Was Imperialism Good or Bad?
 Imperialists _____________ from colonial mines, plantations, & factories
 Africans were hired at low __________, were not taught professional skills, & were heavily __________; tribes fought
other tribes
 Schools & churches were set up to “____________” Western ways; led to a decline in African traditions
 As whites made new colonies in South Africa, they fought _____________ & the _________ tribe
 Whites in South Africa used ____________ called _____________ (legal separation of blacks & whites); Apartheid kept
Africans out of power for over 100 years
 Over time, educated Africans all over the continent demanded _____________; by ________ complete independence
from European rule
Imperialism in India & China
I. Imperialism in Asia
 The ______________ & Age of Exploration caused interest in Asia because of the ____________ goods like silk, spices,
& gold
 Asia was the “___________________” for explorers & imperialists:
 In the 1500s, European _________ with Asia began
 In the _________, European imperialism in Asia began
II. Imperialism in India
 During the Renaissance, the _______________________ Company became the richest & most powerful company in
world by controlling trade in ____________
 England gained so much ___________ in India that England used its __________________ most of India by 1857
 The impact of British Imperialism in India:
 Good: England built __________________, telegraphs, sewer & water systems, _______________, & schools
 Bad: England did not allow Indians to ___________ themselves; forced India to trade only with ___________, &
converted farms to _____________ plantations
 In 1857, the ____________________ rebelled against the British when they heard rumors that the __________ they
were using were coated with animal (cow or pig) _____
 The ________________ was crushed by the British army but revealed __________ between Indians & British
III. Imperialism in China
A. The Opium Wars
 In the 1500s, China was an advanced & ___________________ that was not interested in Western ideas or trade but
grew ___________ from 1644 to 1912 due to European imperialism


England traded _______ (a drug like heroin) for Chinese ___, silk, porcelain which destroyed the Chinese population
The Chinese government was so ______, they went to war against in England in 1842 (called the ____________);
England won & forced China to sign a series of ___________________:
 England gained _________________
 Gained extraterritoriality (English merchants can ___________ Chinese laws)
 Gained __________________________ (England gained exclusive __________ rights in certain ports)
B. Spheres of Influence in China
 Other European countries used China’s loss in the Opium Wars to gain spheres of influence in China
 The _________ didn’t get sphere of influence in China so it suggested an ________________________ in 1899—China
should be open to ______ nations for trade
C. The End of the Chinese Dynasties & Rise of the Chinese Republic
 What can China do about this?
 Some wanted _____________________________ (adopting Western ideas & using them to make the Chinese
_________ & gov’t stronger)
 Some chose to ______ against these foreigners (Like the ______ Rebellion in 1901 to get rid of all foreigners)
 ____________________ tried to _______________ China: He promoted rebelling against foreigners, creating a
democracy, & increasing Chinese industry
 In 1912, a new Chinese ______________ was formed & Sun Yat-sen became its 1st ____________
Imperialism in Japan
I. Early Japan
 Japan – 4,000 island archipelago, _____miles off the coast of ________.
 Japan was close enough to China to feel their_________, but far enough away to feel safe from invasion.
 Country is not very suitable for farming, _______of the country is able to be farmed.
 Natural resources such as coal, oil, and iron are in ____________.
Outside influences on Japan:
 Chinese writings first mention Japan during the ___ century BCE as a country ruled by __________.
 Chinese and _________culture influenced the development of Japan – Korean travelers brought ___________to
Japan, while Chinese scholars brought the Chinese system of________ and style of art.
Japanese Culture and Society:
 In the middle of the ______century, the power of the Emperor and central government began to decline.
 Lords began living _____from the capital, began to create large, private armies composed of specially trained
warriors, these elite warriors were referred to as___________.
 In Japan, the real power was in the hands of the ____________. Much like in Europe, the shogun gave lands to
his loyal vassals, who were called _________. The daimyo then granted lands to their warriors,____________.
 Japanese warriors lived according to a code of conduct known as ___________, which was even stricter than
that in Europe. A disgraced samurai was expected to perform __________ (commit suicide) in order to maintain
his family's honor.
II. The Tokugawa Shogunate
 Before the___________________, Japan was never successfully united under ________. Oda Nobunaga,
seized control of _________and ruled Japan under his motto “rule the empire by force” but never completely
united Japan.
 _______________ completed the unification of Japan in _________. He kept his rivals in check by requiring
the__________to spend every other year in Tokyo, while leaving their families as ________ during their absence
from the capital.
III. European Interest in Japan
A. Japanese Isolation
 Portugal was the first European nation to make contact with the Japanese, introducing _________ and
___________ into Japan, after centuries of using swords.
 The Portuguese also brought Christian missionaries to Japan, whose success caused Tokugawa to __________
Christianity, fearing rebellion, and outlaw the religion in Japan, beginning a 200 year period of isolation for Japan.

Only _________ and _________ sailors were permitted to enter the Japanese port of Nagasaki, where they were
highly controlled by the _______________. No western ideas were permitted outside of_________.
IV.





Imperialism in Japan
From 1600 to 1800, Japan was ruled by a feudal ____________ & remained ____________ from Europe
In 1853, American ___________________ arrived with the U.S. navy & forced Japan to sign __________ treaties
Japan leaders learned from the __________________ of China & did not fight back; instead Japan modernized:
 Japan formed a new ___________ (“Enlightened”) Emperor
 The new gov’t began to ____________________, increased the Japanese _______, & removed all foreigners
Japan became a leading _____________ & started to imperialize in Asia:
Defeated ________ (Sino-Japanese War) & Russia (Russo-Japanese War) to gain a new colony—__________.
American Imperialism
I. The Growth of America & Manifest Destiny
1. This is the USA after
America won its
________________
from England in 1783
6. The USA continued its ___________________
from 1870 to 1910



The USA was growing in size, wealth, & _________, but most of the world was already _____________
By the 1890s, Americans looked to gain more ____________ & markets in major ________________
So, the USA tried to:
 Increase its access in _________
 Protect its economic & political interests in _____________
II. American Imperialism
A. Alaska
 In 1867, the USA bought Alaska from ____________ for $____ million
B. Latin America
 In order to protect Latin America:
 The USA issued the _________________________ in 1823—Latin America is _____________!
 The USA issued the ________________ Corollary in 1903—the U.S. will keep ________ & order in
 The USA had a “___________________ Policy” in Latin America:
 The US flooded Latin America with goods, bought _____________, but this ______ local businesses
 The US used the Monroe Doctrine to keep Europeans _________ & _________ out of Latin America
 In 1895, the US went to war to help Cuba get its independence from Spain:
 When the ____________ exploded in Cuba, the US ________ blamed Spain & war was declared
 After winning the _________________ War, the USA gained Philippines, Guam, _____________
C. Hawaii
 US missionaries & ________________ 1st arrived in Hawaii in the 1820s; By the 1870s, Hawaii was dominated by
sugar & ________________ owners
 In 1888, the queen of Hawaii was _______________ & in 1898 Hawaii became a US ___________
D. The Panama Canal
 The USA bought the rights to build the Panama Canal; the canal linked the ___________ & _________ Oceans; Gave
the US great ______________ in Latin America