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Transparency master – Vocabulary
Dominant trait – the trait that is shown or expressed in a
genotype – always shown with a capital letter (B)
Gene - the units of heredity – these are found on the
chromosomes in a cell
Genotype – the actual pair of genes that determine a trait
(BB, Bb or bb)
Heterozygous – a dominant and recessive combination for a
trait (Bb)
Homozygous – both genes for a trait are the same –
homozygous dominant (BB) or homozygous recessive
(bb)
Phenotype – how the genotype is expressed in physical
characteristics
Recessive trait – the weaker trait, will only be expressed if
this is the only gene that is present (bb) – otherwise,
this gene is hidden but can be expressed in offspring.
Sex-linked trait – a trait that is passed on the X chromosome.
Males only need one bad gene (since they only receive
1 X chromosome) but females need two bad genes for
this trait to be expressed. Because of this, these traits
show up more often in males.