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Ch 25 KINGDOM PROTISTA
I.
Kingdom Characteristics
a. All protists have a nucleus; therefore, they are ___________________________.
b. Three types of protists:
i. ___________ (PLANT-LIKE) are autotrophs-they contain chloroplasts and make their own food.
ii. ________________________ (ANIMAL-LIKE) are heterotrophs.
iii. _______________________________ PROTISTS are heterotrophs.
II.
PROTOZOANS - grouped according to how they move
a. The word protozoa means "_________________________________”
b. All are ________________________________________c. All protozoa digest their food in stomach-like compartments called __________________________
d.
KINGDOM PROTISTA PHYLUM RHIZOPODA (a.k.a. Sarcodines a.k.a Amoebas)
i. Amoebae ooze along by means of “false feet” called ___________________________.
1. pseudopodia (____________________)-cytoplasmic extensions that function in both movement
and feeding
2. ____________ flows forward to create a blunt, arm-like extension (pseudopodia). At the same
time, other pseudopodia retract. This combination results in forward movement.
ii. Amoeba surround their ___________________ with pseudopodia.
1. _______________-a vesicle containing the food is absorbed through their cell membrane
2. digestive enzymes digest the food inside the vesicle.
iii. Contain ____________________________ to excrete excess water. This keeps the amoeba from bursting.
iv. Entamoeba histolytica – may enter the body through contaminated food and water;
1. it releases enzymes that attack the lining of the large intestine and cause _____________;
2. may also result in a fatal disease called amebiasis which presents with severe abdominal pain,
severe diarrhea, fever
III.
e.
KINGDOM PROTISTA PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA
i. Characterized by one or more _____________________ which are used for movement.
ii. Often referred to as “________________________”
iii. Trypanosoma-parasitic flagellates which cause ____________________________________
1. transmitted (spread) by the tsetse fly;
2. results in fever, weakness, headache, mental deterioration, and coma
iv. Trichomonas vaginalis-responsible for the sexually transmitted disease ____________________.
f.
KINGDOM PROTISTA PHYLUM CILIOPHORA
i. Characterized by many hair-like projections called _____________which are used for movement
ii. Often referred to as “________________________-”
iii. Paramecium-most studied ciliates (see page 507-508 in textbook)
1. ________________________-controls cell functions
2. ____________________________-involved in reproduction
3. oral groove, mouth pore, and gullet collect __________________into vacuoles
4. ______________________-to release undigested materials
5. contractile vacuoles-expand to collect excess water and release from the cell
g.
KINGDOM PROTISTA PHYLUM SPOROZOA
i. Sporozoans are ___________________ and have no means of locomotion (movement)
ii. They live in the part of the body that contains a ready supply of nutrients (blood)
iii. Plasmodium-causes __________________________ which is transmitted the mosquito.
iv. Toxoplasma gondii-dangerous to __________________________________. Pregnant women are advised
to stay away from cats.
Fungus-like protists-_________________________
a. KINGDOM PROTISTA PHYLUM MYXOMYCOTA (PLASMODIAL SLIME MOLDS)
i. form _________________----- mass of cytoplasm; many nuclei; no cell membranes or cell walls
ii. consumes ________________________ organic material
IV.
b.
KINGDOM PROTISTA Phylum Acrasiomycota (CELLULAR SLIME MOLDS)
i. Individual haploid cells
ii. Move like amoeba
c.
KINGDOM PROTISTA PHYLUM OOMYCOTA
i. ______________________- form fuzzy white growths on decaying matter
ii. ___________________________ cause plant diseases like Potato Blight (Irish Potato Famime caused by
potato blight which destroyed the potato crop between 1845-1847.)
ALGAE are plant-like protists.
a. Algae are autotrophs.
b. They are an important part of Earth’s food chains.
c. They produce ___________________ and _____________________
d.
There are three unicellular phyla of algae: (euglena, diatoms, and dinoflagellates)
i. KINGDOM PROTISTA PHYLUM EUGLENOPHYTA (EUGLENOIDS)
1. Most euglena are autotrophs and can carry out photosynthesis.
2. Contain chloroplast like a plant but move around (flagellum) like an animal
3. ________________________________4. Pigment-chlorophyll and carotenoids
5. Euglena raised in the __________________ do not form chloroplast and are heterotrophic; they
can ingest food from surrounding water.
ii. KINGDOM PROTISTA PHYLUM BACILLARIOPHYTA (DIATOMS)
1. They have cell walls or a two piece shell (like a hat box)
2. Diatoms are a large portion of the world’s __________________________
3. Earth’s largest provider _____________________________________
4. important producers in freshwater and marine food webs
iii. KINGDOM PROTISTAPHYLUM DINOFLAGELLATA (DINOFLAGELLATES)
1. Also a major component of ______________________________.
2. Some display ______________________-the production of light by means of a chemical reaction
3. Some produce toxins which make ___________________________________.
4. Blooms of dinoflagellates cause “_____________________” which kill fish
e.
Multicellular algae are classified by color. (red, brown, green, golden)
i. KINGDOM PROTISTA PHYLUM Rhodophyta (__________________________)
1. Pigments: contain chlorophyll and phycobilin
2. phycobilin allow red algae to live in deep ocean water
3. nori-a red algae used in soups, salads, and sushi
4. ______________________--used for growing bacteria
ii. KINGDOM PROTISTA Phylum Phaeophyta (___________________________-)
1. Pigments –chlorophyll and fucoxanthin
2. ________________________ gardens provide a habitat for crustaceans, fish, and sea otters
3. Alginate-used in cosmetics, ice cream, salad dressings, textiles, medical dressings for burns, and
inks
iii. KINGDOM PROTISTA PHYLUM CHLOROPHYTA (____________________________)
1. Pigments: chlorophyll
2. Thought to be the ancestor of plantsa. same type of _______________________
b. both store food as _____________________
c. both have cell walls containing ____________________
3. May be unicellular, multicellular, colonies, or filaments
4. ____________________________ for many organisms
iv. KINGDOM PROTISTA PHYLUM CHRYSOPHYTA (GOLDEN ALGAE)
1. Pigment-chlorophyll and carotenoids
2. Store surplus energy as _______________3. Played a role in ______________________________________________________________